Vietnam Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Hanoi.

Geography:

Vietnam is a country of striking contrasts, stretching over 1,600 km (994 miles) along the eastern edge of the Indochinese Peninsula. With a shape often compared to a bamboo pole with baskets at each end, its narrow waist and long coastline offer a remarkable diversity of landscapes in a relatively compact area.

Vietnam shares borders with China to the north, Laos to the northwest, and Cambodia to the southwest. To the east, it is bounded by the South China Sea (known locally as the East Sea), giving the country over 3,000 km (1,864 miles) of coastline, dotted with beaches, bays, and fishing villages.

The terrain varies dramatically—from the rugged mountains of the north, where Fansipan rises as the highest point at 3,147 metres (10,325 ft), to the fertile lowlands of the Mekong Delta in the south, which is the country's lowest area. The Red River Delta near Hanoi is another key agricultural region, while central Vietnam features narrow coastal plains backed by forested highlands.

Vietnam's natural beauty includes terraced rice fields, limestone karsts, tropical forests, and winding rivers. The diverse geography offers endless opportunities for trekking, cruising, and exploring, whether you're climbing misty peaks in Sapa or drifting along the waterways of the Mekong Delta.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

Vietnam has three main international gateways: Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City, Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi, and Da Nang International Airport in central Vietnam. These airports serve as key entry points for travellers arriving from across Asia, Europe, Oceania, and beyond.

Vietnam Airlines, the national flag carrier, operates direct routes between Vietnam and various destinations in Asia, Europe, and Australia. Bamboo Airways, a newer entrant, also offers international flights and is expanding its long-haul services.

Other international carriers that fly to Vietnam include Air France, Emirates, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways, and Turkish Airlines. Budget airlines such as AirAsia, Scoot, and VietJet Air also offer competitive fares and convenient connections from regional hubs like Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, and Singapore.

Flight Times

From London to Ho Chi Minh City: 12 hr 30 mins (direct).

Getting There By Road

Vietnam shares land borders with China to the north, Laos to the west, and Cambodia to the southwest, and each of these borders has designated international crossings that allow entry by road. While it is possible to drive into the country, travellers must navigate some bureaucratic hurdles, including paperwork for vehicles and the need for permits, so most overland visitors tend to arrive by bus or hired transport rather than in private cars.

The most frequently used crossings are:
• From Cambodia: The Bavet–Moc Bai border (connecting Phnom Penh with Ho Chi Minh City) and the Kaam Samnor–Vinh Xuong crossing near Chau Doc in the Mekong Delta.
• From Laos: Popular crossings include Nam Phao–Cau Treo (for access to central Vietnam and Vinh), and Dansavanh–Lao Bao, which leads to Dong Ha and onwards to Hue.
• From China: The most commonly used crossing is the Hekou–Lao Cai checkpoint, convenient for those travelling between Yunnan province and the northern regions of Vietnam, including Sapa and Hanoi.

Several international bus services operate between major cities in neighbouring countries and Vietnam. These buses are particularly popular on routes such as Phnom Penh to Ho Chi Minh City and Vientiane to Hanoi. Border procedures are usually straightforward, though they can take some time depending on traffic and paperwork.

Driving your own vehicle into Vietnam is possible but not straightforward. Foreign vehicles require advance permission, and drivers must be accompanied by a licensed guide, with itineraries pre-approved by the authorities. Most travellers undertaking such journeys do so as part of organised tours or overlanding expeditions.

Getting There By Water

The most practical water route is between Cambodia and Vietnam, particularly along the Mekong River. Travellers can take boat services from Phnom Penh to Chau Doc in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. These journeys usually involve a fast boat or speedboat and include a stop at the river border for immigration formalities. It's a scenic and memorable way to enter the country, passing floating villages, rural landscapes, and local river life.

There are currently no scheduled ferry services from Thailand, Laos, or China into Vietnam.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Domestic air travel is a fast and convenient way to cover long distances in Vietnam, particularly given the country's considerable north-to-south length.

Vietnam's major domestic airports include Noi Bai (Hanoi), Tan Son Nhat (Ho Chi Minh City), and Da Nang, which serve as hubs for flights to cities and towns across the country. Other frequently used airports include those in Hue, Nha Trang (Cam Ranh), Dalat, Can Tho, and Phu Quoc Island. Most domestic flights are under two hours, making it easy to hop between the north, central, and southern regions.

The national carrier, Vietnam Airlines, offers an extensive domestic network and maintains a reputation for reliability and service. Low-cost carriers such as VietJet Air, Bamboo Airways, and Pacific Airlines also operate a wide range of domestic routes, often at very competitive prices.

Bike

Vietnam is a rewarding country to explore by bicycle, particularly for those with an adventurous spirit and a bit of stamina. While the chaotic traffic in major cities can be daunting, cycling is much more enjoyable in quieter towns, along coastal roads, through rural villages, or in scenic regions such as the Mekong Delta and the central highlands around Dalat.

Bicycles can be rented easily in many tourist destinations, with Hoi An, Hue, Ninh Binh, and Phu Quoc among the most bike-friendly areas. Rental rates are generally low, and many hotels and guesthouses offer complimentary or inexpensive bikes for guests. In Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, cycling is more suitable for early mornings or within parks and quieter districts, as traffic can be overwhelming during peak hours.

For long-distance cycling or bikepacking, Vietnam offers unforgettable routes along National Highway 1 or the Ho Chi Minh Highway. However, cyclists should be prepared for variable road conditions, aggressive driving habits from larger vehicles, and hot, humid weather.

Breakdown Services

Car insurance policies in Vietnam often include some level of breakdown assistance, so please check the details before setting off.

For motorbikes, it is common to find small, family-run mechanics (locally known as "sửa xe") along roadsides who can assist with minor repairs.

Car Hire

Car hire in Vietnam is available in major cities and tourist destinations, but it's more common to hire a car with a driver rather than self-drive. Due to complex driving regulations, language barriers, and challenging traffic conditions, most visitors find it more convenient and less stressful to leave the driving to a local professional.

Several international and local car rental companies operate in Vietnam, offering a range of vehicles from standard sedans to larger vans suitable for group travel. Hiring a car with a driver is relatively affordable and can be arranged for airport transfers, day trips, or multi-day itineraries. Drivers often act as informal guides, providing insights into local attractions along the way.

Foreigners who wish to drive themselves must have a valid Vietnamese driving licence or an International Driving Permit (IDP) recognised by Vietnam, which usually requires conversion through the local authorities.

Coach

An extensive network of long-distance buses operates across the country, connecting everything from major urban centres to small towns and rural regions. Services range from basic local buses to modern, air-conditioned sleeper coaches with reclining seats or bunk-style beds.

Several reputable private operators run intercity services, with Sinh Tourist, Phuong Trang (Futa Bus Lines), and Hoang Long among the most well-known. These companies offer frequent departures, online booking options, and comfortable amenities, particularly on busy routes such as Hanoi to Hue, Da Nang to Hoi An, or Ho Chi Minh City to the Mekong Delta.

Most cities have dedicated bus stations (bến xe) from which long-distance coaches depart. It's generally advisable to book tickets in advance during peak travel periods, such as weekends or holidays. While some companies offer pick-up and drop-off services from hotels in tourist areas, others may require travellers to make their own way to the station.

Night buses are a popular option for saving on accommodation and maximising time, though taller travellers may find the sleeping arrangements a bit cramped. Journeys can be long, and road conditions may vary, but coach travel remains convenient and affordable for budget-conscious visitors to see the country.

Documentation

To legally drive in Vietnam, visitors typically need one of the following:
• A valid Vietnamese driving licence can be issued to foreigners holding a valid visa and temporary residence permit after converting their home country licence.
• An International Driving Permit (IDP). Visitors with an IDP issued under the 1949 Geneva Convention (as used in some countries) must convert it into a Vietnamese licence for it to be valid.

For motorbike riders, a motorcycle endorsement is required on both the original licence and the IDP. Vietnam requires a licence for motorbikes with an engine capacity over 50cc, and riding without the proper certification can lead to legal and insurance issues.

Getting Around By Rail

Vietnam Railways is the state-owned operator and runs all regular passenger services across the country. The backbone of Vietnam's railway is the North-South line, commonly known as the Reunification Express, which runs between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This iconic route stretches over 1,700 km and takes approximately 30 to 35 hours to complete the full journey, though most travellers opt for shorter segments. Key stops along the route include Hue, Da Nang (for Hoi An), Nha Trang, and Vinh. Soft seat and sleeper options are available, with air-conditioned cabins offering greater comfort for longer journeys.

In addition to the main line, there are a few regional lines, such as Hanoi to Lao Cai (for Sapa) and Hanoi to Hai Phong. The latter serves as a gateway to Ha Long Bay. These routes are shorter and provide access to popular destinations in the north.

Travelling by train in Vietnam offers a chance to slow down and enjoy the journey, with the added benefit of avoiding the sometimes chaotic traffic on the roads.

Regulations

Speed limits vary depending on the type of road and vehicle. In urban areas, the limit is typically 50 km/h (31 mph) for cars and 40 km/h (25 mph) for motorbikes, while on rural roads it may rise to 80 km/h (50 mph) for cars. On expressways, cars may travel up to 100–120 km/h (62–75 mph), though limits are marked and can vary.

Vietnam has strict drink-driving laws, and the legal blood alcohol limit is zero for car and motorbike drivers. Random breath testing is conducted, and penalties for violations include heavy fines, licence suspension, or even imprisonment in serious cases.

Seat belts are mandatory for drivers and passengers in the front seats of cars, though enforcement may be inconsistent. Helmets are compulsory for all motorbike riders and passengers, and this rule is strictly enforced. Mobile phone use while driving is prohibited unless using a hands-free device.

Traffic drives on the right-hand side of the road, and overtaking is common, sometimes in situations that would be considered risky elsewhere. Visitors choosing to drive should proceed with caution, be alert at all times, and drive defensively.

Getting Around By Road

A dense road network connects major cities, towns, and rural areas, with National Highways running the length of Vietnam. Key routes include National Highway 1, which stretches from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City along the eastern coast, and the more scenic Ho Chi Minh Highway, which runs inland through mountains and national parks. Road journeys can be an adventure in themselves, offering spontaneous stops, street food discoveries, and striking views of everything from rice paddies to coastal cliffs.

While traffic in cities can be chaotic, intercity travel is generally manageable, and road conditions continue to improve. Visitors should keep in mind, however, that travel times can be longer than expected due to congestion, weather, or roadworks, especially in more remote regions.

Road Classification

Vietnam's road network is classified into several categories based on their function and administrative responsibility. The most important are the National Highways (Quốc lộ), which are managed by the central government and connect key cities, provinces, and border points. National Highway 1 (QL1), running from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City, is the country's main north–south artery.

Provincial roads (Tỉnh lộ) are managed by local governments and serve as secondary routes linking towns and districts within provinces. These are generally narrower than national highways but still play an important role in regional connectivity.

District roads (Huyện lộ) and commune roads (Xã lộ) make up the local network, serving small towns, rural villages, and agricultural areas. These roads can be basic and are often unpaved in more remote locations. In cities, urban roads range from wide boulevards to narrow alleyways and are not always marked with consistent signage.

Motorways, or expressways (Đường cao tốc), are multi-lane roads allowing for faster travel between major cities and are usually toll roads. Notable expressways include the Hanoi–Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City–Long Thanh–Dau Giay routes.

Road Quality

Road quality in Vietnam varies widely depending on the region and the type of road. Major highways and urban roads are generally in good condition, particularly along well-travelled routes such as those linking Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City.

In contrast, roads in rural and mountainous areas can be narrower, poorly surfaced, or affected by weather conditions, especially during the rainy season when landslides and flooding may occur.

Vietnam has made significant investments in infrastructure in recent years, and many roads are being upgraded or expanded. However, progress is uneven, so travellers should be prepared for occasional delays or detours, particularly outside of major cities.

Side Of Road

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Taxi

Taxis are widely available in Vietnam's cities and are a convenient way to get around, especially for visitors unfamiliar with local bus routes or hesitant to brave the motorbike traffic. Reputable taxi companies include Mai Linh and Vinasun, which use meters and have a good reputation for reliability. Visitors should avoid unmarked taxis or those without a working meter, as overcharging can occur.

Ride-hailing apps have become increasingly popular and are often the preferred choice for both locals and tourists. Grab is the dominant service, offering car and motorbike rides, as well as food delivery. Other local apps, such as Gojek and Be, also operate in major cities. These apps provide upfront pricing, cashless payment options, and the convenience of booking in English, making them particularly tourist-friendly.

Motorbike taxis (xe ôm) can also be booked through these apps, providing a quick and affordable way to navigate traffic-heavy areas. Traditional xe ôm drivers still operate independently in many places, but negotiating the fare beforehand is essential if not using an app.

Urban Travel

Getting around cities in Vietnam is an experience in itself, with a mix of modern transport options and traditional methods. Motorbikes are by far the most common mode of urban travel, and cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are famous for their buzzing streams of two-wheeled traffic. Visitors can hire motorbikes or opt for xe ôm (motorbike taxis), which are an affordable and quick way to navigate congested streets.

Public buses operate in most major cities and are an economical way to get around, though routes can be confusing for newcomers and signage is often in Vietnamese. Both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have been expanding their public transport systems, with bus rapid transit (BRT) services in development and metro lines gradually being introduced to ease congestion and improve urban mobility.

In addition to buses, cyclos (three-wheeled cycle rickshaws) are still found in some cities, particularly in tourist areas, offering a slow-paced and nostalgic way to explore. However, they are less common in daily urban transport and are mostly used for short scenic rides.

Walking can be pleasant in smaller towns and certain districts, such as the Old Quarter in Hanoi or the riverside promenade in Hoi An, though uneven pavements and the need to cross busy roads can be challenging in larger cities.

For convenience and comfort, many visitors rely on taxis or ride-hailing apps, which are widely used and reasonably priced in urban areas.

Getting Around By Water

In the Mekong Delta region, boats are an essential mode of transport, and travellers can explore the area's floating markets, villages, and islands by river. Regular ferry services operate between cities such as Can Tho, Vinh Long, and Chau Doc, providing both practical and scenic travel options.

Ferries also serve coastal and island destinations. One of the most popular routes is from the mainland to Phu Quoc Island, with fast ferries running from ports like Ha Tien and Rach Gia. In central Vietnam, ferries connect to Cu Lao Cham (near Hoi An) and Ly Son islands. In the north, boat trips on Ha Long Bay are a highlight for many visitors, though these are generally geared towards sightseeing rather than transportation.

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Vietnam set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Vietnamese Embassy in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

To enter Vietnam, your passport must have:

• an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the date you arrive
• at least 2 blank pages
• no damage – British nationals have been denied entry and exit due to passport damage

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

It is a requirement of Vietnamese authorities that visitors enter and exit Vietnam using the same passport.

Check the visa expiry date written in your passport is correct before leaving border control. If it is wrong, you could be accused of overstaying. Your passport is stamped upon entry which will specify the date by which you need to leave Vietnam.

Visa requirements

You can visit Vietnam without a visa for up to 45 days for tourism or business.

If you want to stay longer than 45 days, you can:

• book with a travel agent in Vietnam and ask them to apply for a visa pre-approval letter – your agent will tell you when to collect your visa from the embassy
• apply for other visa types from the Vietnamese Embassy in the UK
• apply for an e-visa that allows a 90-day stay and multiple entries

E-visas restrict you to the entry and exit points you select when you apply. If you get an e-visa while in Vietnam, you must exit the country and re-enter to start your e-visa.

The British Embassy will not assist with visa extensions.

Work or study

If you want to work or study, check which type of visa or work permit you need with the Vietnam Immigration Department.

Read about visas and work permits if you live in Vietnam.

If you overstay your visa or work illegally, the authorities can prevent you from leaving until you pay a fine. You could be deported and prevented from visiting Vietnam in the future.

Travelling through Vietnam

If you transfer from an international flight to a domestic flight in Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City, you must go through immigration and enter Vietnam. You must do this even if your final destination is outside Vietnam. Check with your airline before departing.

Exit requirements

You cannot leave Vietnam without a valid visa and must enter and exit Vietnam using the same passport.

Exit bans

Vietnamese authorities may place an exit ban on certain individuals to prevent them from leaving the country. Your passport will be seized until the case is fully investigated. If you are unable to leave the country because of an exit ban, consult a lawyer and contact your nearest British embassy or consulate.

An exit ban can relate to investigations into: 

• an individual, their family or an employer
• criminal and civil matters, such as business disputes or motor vehicle accidents 
• employment without a work visa
• unpaid financial debts

Vaccine requirements

For details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Vietnam guide

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Vietnam. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

If you're taking prescription medication into Vietnam, carry it in your hand luggage with a copy of the prescription. If it has a total import value greater than 100 US dollars, you must declare it at customs. For information about restrictions on medication, see Health.

Taking money into or out of Vietnam

If you're taking cash into or out of Vietnam, you must declare amounts over:

• 15 million Vietnamese dong
• 5,000 US dollars (or the same value in other currencies)

If you're leaving the country with more than these amounts, declare the money at customs and show either:

• confirmation you're carrying cash abroad, issued by an authorised credit institution
• written approval to carry cash, issued by the State Bank of Vietnam

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.   

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad. 

Terrorism in Vietnam

Although there is no recent history of terrorism in Vietnam, attacks cannot be ruled out. 

Attacks could be indiscriminate including in places visited by foreign nationals. Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Political situation

Vietnam has a single-party political system, which does not welcome people disagreeing with the government. Some protests in recent years have turned violent or been violently suppressed by the authorities. Avoid all protests.

Internet censorship

Within the Vietnamese territory, local authorities can block access to: 

• websites 
• social Media

You should not expect internet privacy. Local authorities can review the content stored or consulted on your electronic devices.

Freedom of expression

British nationals should be cautious of political activities, including criticizing the government or its domestic and foreign policies or advocating alternatives to Communist Party rule. Possession of political material, and non-sanctioned religious activities including proselytizing could lead to a temporary ban on leaving the country, a prison sentence, or a full travel ban.  

British nationals of Vietnamese descent should be especially careful with their online postings.

Civil unrest

Political dissent is rare in Vietnam and protests are generally not tolerated. You should avoid any protests or demonstrations. Follow any instructions issued by authorities.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

Violent crime against foreigners is rare, however petty crimes such as theft and Pickpocketing occur regularly. Bag-snatchers operate in crowded areas and in places visited by tourists. Typically, there is a rise in petty crime during the Christmas and Tet Lunar New Year seasons.

Bag-snatching by thieves on motorcycles is common, hold bags in front of you or on the opposite side of the traffic to make them difficult to steal. Be aware of motorcycles approaching as you walk. Be prepared to surrender your valuables rather than risk being injured in a struggle.

There is a risk of petty theft on buses and trains, particularly while asleep on overnight trains.

Do not give your passport to others as a guarantee – for example, to motorcycle rental shops or landlords. They can hold your passport against claimed damage.

Keep your passport safe and other valuables in your hotel or in another secured location at all times and carry both photo and digital copies of your passport. You should immediately report a lost or stolen passport to the  British Embassy in Hanoi or Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City.

Drink spiking and sexual assault

British nationals have reported rape and sexual assaults in tourist areas and places where foreigners live. Women have also reported indecent assaults and harassment. These include inappropriate touching and groping, particularly while walking alone.

Buy your own drinks and always keep them in sight to avoid them being spiked.

Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, and gum  from new  people. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk.

In Vietnam there is a higher burden of proof for victims than in the UK. Victims must show they did not consent, particularly if they drank alcohol or knew the alleged attacker.

Local authorities may not always respond adequately to reports of sexual violence and harassment. If you are a victim of a sexual assault, you should reach out to the British Embassy in Hanoi or Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City

Methanol poisoning

There is a risk of methanol poisoning from home brewed alcohol or counterfeit replicas of well-known alcohol brands. Affected drinks may include:

• local spirits, including rice wine
• spirit-based mixed drinks such as cocktails
• counterfeit brand-name spirits

To protect yourself from methanol poisoning you should:

• buy alcoholic drinks only from licensed liquor stores, bars, clubs, restaurants, and hotels
• avoid home-made alcoholic drinks
• check bottle seals are intact
• check labels for poor print quality or incorrect spelling

If the label, smell or taste seems wrong, do not drink the alcohol. These are signs it is illegal and could contain methanol. TravelHealthPro lists the symptoms of methanol poisoning.

Seek urgent medical attention if you or someone you are travelling with show signs of methanol poisoning.

Job scams

Be wary of job offers that appear too good to be true. People have arrived in the Mekong region and have been illegally transported to neighbouring countries on the promise of high-paying jobs, which turn out to be scams.

There have been incidents of:

• passports being confiscated by scammers
• victims being held in poor living conditions
• coercion into undertaking wider online scamming activity

Before signing an employment contract or travelling to Vietnam for work, verify the true nature of the work you're offered.  

Check for:

• unacceptable employment conditions 
• the correct visa and work permits
• living arrangements your potential employer has offered
• professional legal advice before signing any contract

Never hand over your passport to your employer, even for safekeeping. Reputable businesses will never ask you to hand over your passport.

Transfers from airports and stations

Be cautious about offers of free bus transfers to hotels, unless organised in advance. These may be scams.  

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

You must always carry photographic ID. The authorities will accept a printed copy of the photo page of your passport and visa.

Illegal drugs penalties

Penalties for possessing, distributing or manufacturing drugs are severe. You can get the death sentence if you're found with even small amounts. 

Illegal drugs are often tampered with or spiked and can be much stronger than in Europe. British nationals in Vietnam have suffered severe psychiatric problems because of drug use. 

Recreational drugs available in Vietnam can be extremely dangerous and can result in death. Drugs sold in Vietnam may be fake, synthetic, or laced with toxic ingredients undetectable to the buyer. This includes nitrous oxide balloons widely available in nightlife establishments.

Cigarettes and alcohol from street vendors 

You should avoid purchasing liquor or cigarettes from street vendors or strangers, as the authenticity cannot be assured.

LGBT+ travellers

Vietnam is a generally tolerant and progressive place for LGBT+ travellers. There are no criminal penalties for same-sex sexual activity or changing gender. Same-sex marriage is not recognised in law.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Dress code

Respect local customs and dress in appropriate clothing when entering religious or cultural sites. This usually means covering your shoulders and knees. You'll often see signs outside religious or cultural sites that tell you the dress code.

Money change counters

Only change money at official money exchange counters with a clear sign showing this status. Changing money elsewhere is illegal and you risk losing your money.

Wildlife, animal products and souvenirs

It's illegal to buy, sell, kill or collect protected wild animal or plants. If you're caught buying or trafficking these items, you could get a fine or long prison sentence.

Restricted areas

There are restrictions on travel near military bases in Vietnam. Do not take photos near bases.

If you want to visit a village, commune or ward close to the border, you may need permission from the provincial police department. Contact the local authority for more information.

Check with local authorities before visiting border areas to see if you need to obtain a travel permit issued by local authorities. These areas are not always marked, and there are no warnings about prohibited travel.

Legal system

People convicted of sex and drug offences can receive very long prison sentences or the death sentence. Even minor crimes, such as theft, have the possibility of carrying a prison sentence. The Vietnamese legal system is not well developed, and the standard of prisons is very poor.

If you are under criminal investigation, you can be detained for long periods without evidence. There can be long delays before you can contact lawyers, British Embassy officials or family. Legal representation is far below UK standards.

Foreign nationals involved in traffic accidents have been stopped from leaving Vietnam until the police have completed their investigations. This process can take a long time, and foreign nationals have been asked to agree out of court financial settlements. FCDO advises you to get professional legal advice and representation if you are in this situation. See Getting help.

Internet access

There are sometimes restrictions on internet use, which can temporarily affect access to social media websites. Most social media sites are normally available.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Transport and tour operators' safety and maintenance standards may not meet the standards you find in the UK. British nationals have died or been injured in Vietnam while engaged in adventure tourism in rural and mountainous areas.

Risks include:

• dangerous terrain
• remote areas that are difficult for rescue services to reach
• flooding, swollen rivers and landslides, especially during the rainy season
• lower safety standards than in the UK

To reduce your personal risk:

• follow safety guidelines and always use availably safety gear provided
• stay on main routes
• take a reputable guide – in some places it is illegal to go without a guide
• use approved adventure tourism companies – check local authority websites
• avoid  using facilities or equipment if you have doubts about their safety
• check weather forecasts
• make sure your travel insurance covers your planned activity
• inform a friend or family member of your itinerary

Illegal tour guides have been known to offer tours and activities prohibited under local regulations.

Firearms activities

If you take part in leisure activities involving firearms, make sure a reputable guide supervises you. There is a risk of hearing loss.

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Vietnam, see information on driving abroad and driving rules in Vietnam.

You'll need to have both the 1968 version of the international driving permit and your UK driving licence with you in the car. It is illegal to drive without third-party insurance.

Do not use your passport as a deposit for hiring vehicles or as a guarantee you will pay a fine for a traffic offence.

Drink-driving is a serious offence in Vietnam. If you are tested and found to have any alcohol in your system, you may get a fine and possible imprisonment.

Compliance with road laws is poor – keep your speed down and stay alert.

If you're involved in an accident, you could face criminal charges and may need to pay compensation to injured people, even if the injuries are minor. There is also the possibility of a travel ban while the investigation is carried out. Offer the police your full co-operation and inform the British Embassy in Hanoi or Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City.

Motorbike safety

Travelling by motorbike in Vietnam is much riskier than in the UK. Motorbike accidents are common and have killed and injured British nationals.

Do not hire a motorbike if you're not an experienced rider. Always:

• check your motorbike thoroughly
• rent from a reputable organisation
• use a good helmet – it is illegal for drivers and passengers to ride without a helmet

Make sure your travel insurance covers your planned activity.

Taxis

Metered taxis from larger firms are generally reliable. Where possible get hotels or restaurants to book you a reputable taxi. Always make sure the driver identifies themself before setting off. If you book taxis using the Grab app, which is similar to Uber – you can make sure the details of the vehicle and driver match those given by the company.

Buses and coaches

Bus and coach crashes are not uncommon and are more likely at night. Vehicles are often poorly maintained. Night bus drivers may become tired but continue driving, resulting in sometimes fatal crashes.

Sea travel

Check with your tour guide about the safety record and registration of boats, and the certification of staff. Make sure you get a full safety briefing and have a life jacket when joining any boat. 

Consider safety standards carefully before taking an overnight boat trip on Halong Bay. Overcrowding and poor safety standards have led to accidents in past years. Some boats have sunk quickly and without warning.

Piracy in coastal areas of Vietnam is very rare. See piracy and armed robbery at sea for precautions you could take.

Landmines and unexploded weapons

Landmines and other unexploded weapons are a hazard in former battlefields. Areas of particular risk include central Vietnam and along the Laos border, formerly crossed by the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Mined areas are often unmarked.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclones affect the eastern coastal regions of Vietnam, with a risk of:

• strong winds
• heavy rainfall and flooding
• disruption to transport

The season normally runs from May to November, but tropical cyclones can happen at other times. Monitor approaching storms on the National Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting and Japan Meteorological Agency websites. Follow the advice of the local authorities, including any evacuation orders.

If you decide to travel to Vietnam during this period: 

• know that you may expose yourself to serious safety risks 
• be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice 
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts 
• carry emergency contact information for your airline, tour operator and insurer 
• follow the advice of the local authorities, including any evacuation orders

Rain season

The rain season extends: 

• from June to September in the north and south 
• from October to December in central Vietnam

Seasonal flooding occurs in October and November in central Vietnam. It is also common:

• in and around Hanoi, particularly along the Red River 
• in the Mekong River Delta regions in the south

Seasonal flooding can disrupt overland travel and reduce the availability  of essential services. Roads may become blocked due to mudslides and landslides. Bridges, buildings, and infrastructure may be damaged.

• remain vigilant, especially in areas around major rivers 
• stay away from flooded areas 
• monitor weather reports
• monitor local media for the latest updates, including those on road conditions 
• follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders

Check the Mekong Flood and Drought Forecasting and the Mekong River Commission Forecasting and the National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting.

Heat waves

Humid and heat may be severe, particularly during the rainy season. Know the symptoms of dehydration and heatstroke, both of which can be fatal.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Make sure your policy covers the following: 

• existing health conditions  
• an air ambulance, in case you need to be flown home by this means 
• full medical cover (medical bills can be expensive) 
• repatriation of your remains in the event of death 
• repatriation of your family in the event it is necessary for you to return home due to illness or injury

The British Embassy do not pay medical bills and cannot provide medical assistance.

Emergency medical number

Dial 115 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks 

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest vaccine recommendations for Vietnam in TravelHealthPro's Vietnam guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Vietnam, including:

• mosquito-borne diseases like Zika virus, dengue, malaria and Japanese encephalitis
• air pollution – see information on air quality on TravelHealthPro

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Vietnam. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro. 

Medication

Some medicines can be hard to find in Vietnam and many are fake.

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Vietnam has restrictions on medicines it classifies as 'addictive' or 'psychotropic'. These include medicine used to treat of addiction, anxiety, depression, insomnia and other conditions.

It is illegal to have more than the amount prescribed by a doctor for 7 days (addictive medicine) or 10 days (psychotropic medicine). You should carry the prescription with your medication and a letter from your doctor stating how much of the medication you need during your trip.

The letter can be in English and should:

• include your name and age
• list the medicine name, volume and dosage
• include the doctor's signature and address

If you're unsure if your medication falls within these categories or you need to bring more medication than is usually allowed, contact the Vietnamese Embassy in the UK before travelling.

Healthcare in Vietnam

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Vietnam where some staff will speak English.

There is also guidance on healthcare if you're living in Vietnam.

Travel and mental health

Vietnam has no Mental Health Act and as such support is very limited for foreign nationals.

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Vietnam

Ambulance: 115

Fire: 114

Police: 113

National search and rescue: 112 

Hotline for child protection: 111

Emergency numbers in Vietnam are operated in Vietnamese only. 

Take a translator with you when you report a crime to the local police. Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do. Inform a friend or family member about your insurance provider and policy number should they need to act on your behalf.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding English-speaking lawyers, funeral directors and translators and interpreters in Vietnam
• dealing with a death in Vietnam
• being arrested or imprisoned in Vietnam
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Vietnam on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Typhoid	Sometimes
Yellow Fever	No*
Diphtheria	Yes
Hepatitis A	Sometimes
Malaria	Sometimes
Rabies	Sometimes
Tetanus	Yes

Overview:

Major cities such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Da Nang have international hospitals and clinics that offer a good standard of care, often with English-speaking staff. These facilities can handle routine treatments, minor emergencies, and diagnostic services, though some travellers may prefer to seek treatment abroad for serious medical issues.

Medical facilities are more basic in rural areas. Travellers venturing to remote regions are advised to take extra precautions and ensure they have adequate travel insurance that covers medical evacuation.

Pharmacies are widespread and easy to find in towns and cities. Many medications that would require a prescription in other countries are available over the counter in Vietnam. However, the quality and authenticity of medicines can vary, so it is advisable to use well-known pharmacies and, where possible, bring an adequate supply of any essential prescription medicines from home. Always carry medications in their original packaging, along with a copy of your prescription or a doctor's note for any controlled substances.

Visitors should ensure they have comprehensive travel insurance that includes cover for medical expenses, hospitalisation, and emergency evacuation. Payment is often required upfront for medical treatment, even at private hospitals, so keeping proof of insurance easily accessible is recommended.

Vaccinations Note:

* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age coming from areas with a risk of yellow fever transmission.

Food Drink:

Travellers should not drink directly from tap water in Vietnam. Use bottled or filtered water instead. Ice in drinks served at reputable hotels, restaurants, and cafés is generally made from purified water and is usually safe, but caution is advised in more local establishments.

When it comes to food, eating freshly cooked dishes from busy street stalls or restaurants is generally safe and part of the cultural experience. However, it's wise to avoid raw or undercooked meats and seafood in less hygienic settings. Dairy products are increasingly available, especially in urban areas, but may not always be pasteurised—check labels where possible or opt for well-known brands.

Other Risks:

Homemade rice wines or unregulated spirits can sometimes contain harmful levels of methanol. Stick to branded or known local drinks when possible.

Mosquito-borne illnesses like dengue fever and, in some regions, malaria can be a concern. Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves in the evenings, and stay in accommodations with screens or mosquito nets in affected areas.

Vietnam experiences typhoon season from June to November, particularly affecting coastal and northern areas. Heavy rains can lead to flooding and landslides in mountainous regions. Please check weather forecasts during travel and follow local advice.

Currency Information:

Dong (VND; symbol ₫). Notes are in denominations of ₫ 500,000, 200,000, 100,000, 50,000, 20,000, 10,000, 5,000, 2,000, and 1,000. Coins are in denominations of ₫ 5,000, 2,000, 1,000, and 500. In everyday use, only banknotes are commonly seen; coins are rarely used in practice.

Credit Cards:

Credit cards are accepted in many hotels, restaurants, and shops in major cities and tourist areas. Visa and Mastercard are the most widely accepted, while American Express and other cards may be limited. Cash is preferred in smaller towns and markets.

ATMs:

ATMs are widely available in cities and larger towns, and most accept international cards. Withdrawal limits vary, and transaction fees may apply, both from local banks and your home bank.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 08:00-16:00.

Currency Restrictions:

There are no restrictions on the amount of foreign currency that can be brought into Vietnam, but amounts exceeding US$5,000 or equivalent must be declared on arrival. When leaving Vietnam, the same rule applies.

Currency Exchange:

Currency exchange is available at banks, official exchange offices, hotels, and some gold shops. Please exchange money at authorised locations for better rates and to avoid counterfeit notes. US dollars are widely accepted for exchange into Dong.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
VND	₫

Exchange Rates

23674.00

28205.00

22809.00

Language

The official language of Vietnam is Vietnamese. It is spoken throughout the country and uses a Romanised script known as Quốc Ngữ, which was developed in the 17th century.

English is increasingly spoken in tourist areas, especially among younger people and in larger cities, but it is less common in rural regions. Other minority languages are spoken by ethnic groups, including Tay, Khmer, Hmong, and Chinese dialects.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

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List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2025-01-01 00:00:00	0
Tet (Vietnamese New Year)	2025-02-02 00:00:00	0
Gio to Hung Vuong Day	2025-04-07 00:00:00	0
Liberation Day	2025-04-30 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2025-05-01 00:00:00	0
National Day	2025-09-02 00:00:00	0

Overview:

Travellers entering Vietnam are permitted to bring in the following goods free of customs duties and taxes, provided these items are for personal use, not intended for resale, and are declared upon arrival if required:

• Tobacco products (for travellers aged 18 and over): 200 cigarettes or 20 cigars or 250 grams of tobacco.
• Alcoholic beverages (for travellers aged 18 and over): 1.5L of liquor with alcohol content above 20% ABV or up to 2L with alcohol content below 20% ABV or 3L of beer.
• Other goods: Total value less than VND 10,000,000.

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Banned Imports:

Banned imports include weapons, ammunition, explosives (excluding industrial explosives), narcotics and their derivatives, toxic chemicals and substances banned under international conventions, fireworks (excluding signal flares used for navigational safety), sky lanterns, publications and cultural products deemed reactionary or depraved, and radio equipment and radio-wave appliances not complying with technical regulations.

This list is not exhaustive. Travellers should consult the official Vietnamese customs website or contact the Vietnamese embassy or consulate in their country for the most up-to-date information.

Mobile Telephone:

Mobile phone coverage in Vietnam is generally good, with strong signals in cities, towns, and most tourist destinations. Coverage can be patchy in remote or mountainous areas, but major roads and popular sites are well served. Vietnam uses the GSM network, so most international phones will work, provided they are unlocked.

Travellers can easily purchase prepaid SIM cards from local providers such as Viettel, Vinaphone, and Mobifone. SIM cards are widely available at airports, convenience stores, and mobile phone shops. A passport is usually required for registration.

Internet:

Wi-Fi is widely available throughout Vietnam and is generally free to use in most hotels, cafés, restaurants, and even some public spaces like airports and shopping centres. The quality of connections is good in cities and tourist areas, with many establishments offering reliable and fast internet access.

Media:

Vietnam has a state-controlled media environment, with newspapers, television, and radio operating under government oversight. The most widely read newspapers include Tuoi Tre, Thanh Nien, and Nhan Dan, which are published in Vietnamese, although some outlets provide limited English-language content for expatriates and tourists. English-language publications such as Vietnam News and VN Express International offer local news and updates accessible to visitors.

Television is dominated by state-run channels like VTV (Vietnam Television), though international channels such as BBC, CNN, and Discovery are available in many hotels and through cable or satellite providers. Radio broadcasts are primarily in Vietnamese, but some foreign-language programming is available in major cities.

Internet access is widespread, and many people use social media platforms like Facebook, Zalo, and Instagram. While popular websites and communication apps are generally accessible, some content may be restricted or censored. Visitors can stay informed through international news sources online, as Wi-Fi and mobile data are readily available throughout the country.

Hue

The former imperial capital, Hue is steeped in history. Located in central Vietnam on the banks of the Perfume River, it sits roughly halfway between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The moated Citadel houses palaces, temples, and the Forbidden Purple City, recalling the grandeur of the Nguyen emperors. Along the river lie royal tombs, pagodas, and garden houses. It's a city where the past lingers, serene and majestic.

Hoi An

Once a bustling trading port, Hoi An is now a beautifully preserved town with yellow-washed houses, winding lanes, and riverside charm. Lantern-lit evenings give the old quarter a magical feel, while tailors, art galleries, and markets add to its appeal. The nearby beaches and ancient ruins of My Son make it an ideal base for exploring central Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh City

Vietnam's largest metropolis pulses with energy. A blend of old and new, it's where colonial architecture rubs shoulders with skyscrapers, and street food stalls compete with trendy cafés. Key sights include the War Remnants Museum, Notre Dame Cathedral, and the bustling Ben Thanh Market. Just outside the city, the Cu Chi Tunnels offer a glimpse into wartime resilience.

Mekong Delta

Known as Vietnam's rice bowl, the Mekong Delta is a watery world of canals, floating markets, and fertile landscapes. Life here flows with the river, from bustling trading boats to peaceful villages on stilts. A boat trip offers a chance to witness the delta's rhythms and sample its tropical bounty.

Ninh Binh

Often dubbed "Ha Long Bay on land", Ninh Binh is a serene landscape of karst peaks, winding rivers, and lush rice paddies. Located just south of Hanoi, it offers boat rides through caves at Tam Coc and Trang An, as well as ancient temples like Bai Dinh and the historic capital of Hoa Lu. It's an idyllic escape into rural Vietnam.

Ba Be National Park

Nestled in the mountains of northern Vietnam, Ba Be National Park is centred around a tranquil freshwater lake surrounded by limestone cliffs and dense jungle. It's a haven for nature lovers, offering opportunities for boating, hiking, and visiting remote ethnic minority communities in a peaceful setting far from the usual tourist trail.

Con Dao Islands

Remote and largely untouched, the Con Dao Islands offer pristine beaches, coral reefs, and a sombre history. Once home to a notorious prison during French colonial times, the main island now balances historical sites with natural beauty. It's a quiet retreat for those seeking solitude and a connection with Vietnam's past.

Dalat

Set in the cool central highlands, Dalat feels worlds away from Vietnam's tropical coast. Known for its pine forests, flower gardens, and French colonial villas, it has long been a favourite retreat. The city's lakes, waterfalls, and quirky attractions, like the surreal Crazy House, make it a refreshing and romantic destination.

Hanoi

Located in the north, Hanoi is known for its leafy boulevards, lively Old Quarter, and tranquil lakes. Hoan Kiem Lake lies at the city's heart, while landmarks like the Temple of Literature, Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, and One Pillar Pagoda tell of a rich cultural heritage. The streets hum with activity - motorbikes, markets, and the irresistible aroma of street food. It's a place to wander, sip strong coffee, and watch the layers of history unfold.

Sapa

Nestled in the northern highlands, Sapa is a gateway to terraced rice fields, misty mountains, and ethnic minority villages. Trekking through the landscape reveals stunning views and cultural encounters with Hmong, Dao, and Tay communities. The cooler climate offers a refreshing escape from the lowland heat.

Phu Quoc Island

Lying off Vietnam's southwest coast in the Gulf of Thailand, Phu Quoc is a tropical paradise of white-sand beaches, palm trees, and crystal-clear waters. Beyond the beaches, visitors can explore dense forests, bustling night markets, and traditional fishing villages. It's perfect for relaxation, snorkelling, and enjoying the island's laid-back charm.

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

Home to some of the world's largest and most spectacular caves, this park is an adventurer's dream. The colossal Son Doong Cave, the vast Phong Nha Cave, and the shimmering Paradise Cave are highlights. Limestone karsts, underground rivers, and jungle-clad hills complete the dramatic scenery.

Da Nang

A dynamic coastal city in central Vietnam, Da Nang is known for its sandy beaches, modern skyline, and nearby natural wonders. The Marble Mountains, a cluster of limestone and marble hills, are dotted with caves and pagodas, while the striking Dragon Bridge lights up the city each night. Da Nang also serves as a gateway to Hoi An and the imperial city of Hue.

Ha Long Bay

A UNESCO World Heritage site, Ha Long Bay is famed for its emerald waters and thousands of limestone islands rising like sentinels from the sea. Visitors can explore the bay on traditional wooden junks, weaving through caves, grottoes, and floating villages. Whether shrouded in mist or glowing under the sun, the bay's otherworldly beauty is unforgettable.

Overview

Markets are at the heart of Vietnamese shopping culture. In Ho Chi Minh City, Ben Thanh Market is a lively hub where you'll find everything from textiles and handicrafts to spices and souvenirs. Hanoi's Dong Xuan Market, nestled in the Old Quarter, is a maze of stalls selling clothes, accessories, and local snacks. For a more atmospheric experience, the night markets in Hoi An and Hanoi offer a delightful blend of shopping and street food under glowing lanterns.

Popular souvenirs include lacquerware, silk garments, hand-embroidered linens, and conical hats (nón lá). Tailor-made clothing is a highlight in Hoi An, where skilled tailors can create bespoke outfits in just a day or two. Coffee lovers might enjoy bringing home bags of strong Vietnamese coffee or traditional drip filters (phin). Other local favourites include bamboo products, ceramics, and intricate wood carvings.

Bargaining is common in markets and smaller shops, though prices are often fixed in larger stores and malls. It's usually done with a smile and is seen as part of the shopping experience. For unique finds, visitors can also explore art galleries, antique shops, and craft cooperatives that support local artisans.

Shopping in Vietnam is not just about what you buy, but the lively, colourful experience itself. Take your time, soak up the atmosphere, and you're sure to leave with more than just souvenirs—a piece of Vietnam's charm will come with you.

Opening Hours

Mon-Fri 09:00-17:00 (general).

Mon-Sun 07:00-18:00 (day markets), 18:00-23:00 (night markets).

Mon-Sun 06:00-18:00 (Ben Thanh Market).

Overview

Vietnamese cuisine is a feast for the senses, known for its fresh ingredients, bold flavours, and balance of textures. Each region has its own culinary identity—light and fragrant in the north, spicy and complex in the centre, and sweeter and more vibrant in the south. Street food is an essential part of daily life, and some of the best meals can be enjoyed on a small plastic stool at a bustling roadside stall.

Rice and noodles form the base of many dishes, accompanied by a variety of herbs, vegetables, and proteins like pork, chicken, beef, and seafood. Dipping sauces, especially fish sauce (nước mắm), play a key role in adding depth to meals. Eating in Vietnam is often a communal affair, with dishes shared and enjoyed together.

Tourists should note that food is generally safe to eat, particularly when freshly cooked. It's wise to drink bottled or filtered water, though ice served in reputable establishments is usually safe. Food allergies should be communicated clearly, as ingredients like peanuts and shellfish are common. Vegetarian options are available but may require some explanation, as fish sauce and meat broth are widely used.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Tipping is not a traditional practice in Vietnam, but it is becoming more common in tourist areas and is always appreciated. In restaurants, rounding up the bill is polite. In more upscale venues, a tip of 10% is a good guideline.

Drinking Age

18.

Hotels

Vietnam offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit all budgets and preferences. From luxury hotels and boutique resorts to budget hostels and homestays, visitors will find no shortage of places to stay across the country. Major cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Da Nang have an abundance of international hotel chains, stylish boutique hotels, and serviced apartments, often at lower prices than in many other countries.

In smaller towns and rural areas, guesthouses and locally run hotels provide affordable and comfortable lodging. Homestays are popular in places like Sapa and the Mekong Delta, giving travellers the chance to experience Vietnamese hospitality and local culture first-hand.

Prices vary depending on the location, season, and level of comfort, but Vietnam is generally known for its excellent value for money. Most accommodations offer free Wi-Fi, and many provide breakfast as part of the room rate. Booking in advance is recommended during peak tourist seasons and major holidays such as Tet (Lunar New Year).

Camping Caravaning

Camping is not widespread in Vietnam, but it is possible in certain areas, particularly in national parks, coastal regions, and the central highlands. Organised campsites with basic facilities can be found in places like Ba Vi National Park near Hanoi, Cat Tien National Park, and the beaches around Mui Ne and Nha Trang. These sites often provide tents for hire and amenities such as restrooms and cooking areas.

Wild camping is not officially regulated, but it is generally tolerated in remote areas, provided you seek permission from local authorities or landowners. It's important to camp responsibly, respecting nature and local customs, and avoid camping near military zones or protected areas without authorisation.

Due to Vietnam's tropical climate, weather conditions can change rapidly, so proper equipment and preparation are essential. Mosquitoes and other insects can be an issue, especially in forested or coastal regions, so insect repellent and protective gear are recommended.

History

The earliest known civilisation in Vietnam was the Dong Son culture, famed for its intricate bronze drums, which flourished around 1000 BC. By the 2nd century BC, northern Vietnam was under Chinese rule, a period that lasted for over a thousand years and left a lasting influence on language, governance, and philosophy. The Vietnamese regained independence in the 10th century, ushering in a succession of dynasties, including the Ly, Tran, and Le, who expanded the nation southward and established many of its cultural traditions.

In the 19th century, Vietnam became part of French Indochina, and colonial rule introduced new architecture, education, and industry, but also sparked nationalist movements. The struggle for independence led to the First Indochina War, ending in 1954 with the division of the country into North and South Vietnam. This set the stage for the Vietnam War, a devastating conflict that drew global attention and ended in 1975 with the reunification of the country under communist rule.

Since then, Vietnam has undergone a remarkable transformation. The Đổi Mới reforms of the late 1980s opened the economy and society to the world, leading to rapid growth and a renewed sense of national pride. Today, ancient traditions sit comfortably alongside modern aspirations, and the country's complex history continues to shape its identity and charm.

Did you know?

• Vietnam is home to the world's largest cave—Son Doong Cave in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, so vast it has its own weather system and jungle inside.
• The Vietnamese language uses a Romanised script called Quốc Ngữ, developed by Portuguese missionaries in the 17th century and later popularised during French colonial rule.
• Water puppetry, an art form dating back to the 11th century, originated in the rice fields of northern Vietnam, where performances took place in flooded paddies with wooden puppets gliding over the water's surface.

Religion

Buddhist (14%), Catholic (7%), Protestant (1%), Cao Dai (0.5%), Hoa Hao (0.5%), Other religions (0.3%), No religion or not specified (76%).

Note: Many Vietnamese people practise elements of Confucianism, Taoism, and folk religions alongside Buddhism, often without formal religious affiliation.

Social Conventions

Vietnamese culture places a strong emphasis on respect, politeness, and community values. Greeting others with a slight bow or a handshake is common, and addressing people using proper titles followed by their first name is seen as respectful. Visitors should dress modestly, especially when visiting temples, pagodas, or rural areas—covering shoulders and knees is appreciated.

It is customary to remove shoes before entering someone's home, and sometimes even in certain shops or traditional accommodations. Public displays of affection are rare and may be frowned upon in more conservative areas. When giving or receiving something, using both hands is a sign of respect, especially with elders.

Tipping is not traditionally expected in Vietnam, but it has become more common in tourist areas. Small tips are appreciated in restaurants and hotels, as well as for services such as taxis or guided tours. A tip of around 5–10% in restaurants, rounding up fares for taxi drivers, or offering a few dollars to hotel staff is considered polite.

Photography is widely accepted, but visitors should always ask permission before photographing individuals, especially monks, ethnic minorities, or at religious sites. Signs may indicate areas where photography is not allowed, such as in some museums or military zones, and these rules should be respected.

Best Time To Visit:

Vietnam has a diverse climate due to its long and narrow geography, with significant regional variations between the north, central, and southern parts of the country.

In the north (including Hanoi and Ha Long Bay), there are four distinct seasons. Spring (March to April) brings mild temperatures ranging from 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), while summer (May to August) is hot and humid, with temperatures reaching 30°C to 35°C (86°F to 95°F). Autumn (September to November) is cooler and drier, with temperatures around 25°C (77°F). Winter (December to February) can be surprisingly chilly, with temperatures dropping to 15°C (59°F) or lower in the mountains.

Central Vietnam (including Hue, Da Nang, and Hoi An) experiences a dry season from January to August, with temperatures between 25°C and 35°C (77°F to 95°F). The wet season runs from September to December, often bringing heavy rain and occasional typhoons. Summer months can be particularly hot, while the early months of the year are more pleasant for travel.

Southern Vietnam (including Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta) has a tropical climate with two main seasons: the dry season from December to April, with temperatures ranging from 28°C to 35°C (82°F to 95°F), and the wet season from May to November, characterised by daily showers and high humidity, but still warm temperatures around 30°C (86°F).

Overall, Vietnam can be visited year-round, but the best time to go often depends on the region you plan to explore and your preference for dry or green, lush landscapes.

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Required Clothing

What you pack for Vietnam will largely depend on the regions you visit and the time of year. Light, breathable clothing is ideal for most of the country, especially during the hot and humid months. Cotton or linen fabrics are recommended for comfort in the tropical climate, particularly in the south and central regions.

If you're visiting northern Vietnam during the winter months (December to February), it's wise to bring warmer layers, including a light jacket or sweater, as temperatures can drop significantly, especially in mountainous areas like Sapa. In central Vietnam, lightweight clothing is suitable for most of the year, but a rain jacket or poncho is essential during the wet season (September to December).

For the rainy season (May to November in the south, September to December in the centre), waterproof jackets, compact umbrellas, and quick-drying clothes are useful. Footwear that can handle wet conditions, such as sandals with good grip or waterproof shoes, is also recommended.

When visiting temples, pagodas, or rural communities, modest clothing is respectful—covering shoulders and knees is advised. A scarf or shawl can be handy for such occasions. Comfortable walking shoes are a must for exploring cities and natural sites alike.

Overall, packing a mix of light clothing, a few layers for cooler areas, and rain gear will ensure you are prepared for Vietnam's varied climate.

Dialing Code:

+84

Area(sq km):

331,345

Population:

101.1 million

Population Density(per sq km):

328

Population Year:

2024

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

115