Sri Lanka Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Colombo.

Geography:

Sri Lanka, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is located just southeast of the Indian subcontinent, separated by the Palk Strait. The country spans approximately 65,610 sq km (25,332 sq miles).

The island's topography is diverse, featuring three primary geographic zones:
• Central Highlands: A mountainous region that includes Sri Lanka's highest point, Pidurutalagala, which rises to 2,524 meters above sea level.
• Plains: Surrounding the central highlands are extensive plains that gently slope toward the coastline. These areas are vital for agriculture, benefiting from the rich alluvial soils deposited by numerous rivers originating in the highlands.
• Coastal Belt: Encircling the island, the coastal belt features a mix of sandy beaches, lagoons, and wetlands. The coastline stretches for about 1,585 km (985 miles), offering a variety of marine ecosystems and supporting a vibrant fishing industry.

The country's river systems, most notably the Mahaweli River, play a crucial role in irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. These waterways support agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which is a staple in the Sri Lankan diet.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

Sri Lanka's primary international gateway is Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA), located in Katunayake, approximately 32.5 km north of Colombo.

The national flag carrier is SriLankan Airlines. It operates from BIA and offers an extensive network of routes connecting Colombo with numerous international destinations across Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, North America, Australia, and Africa.

Other airlines that fly to Sri Lanka include Air India, Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Etihad, Qatar, and Singapore Airlines.

Flight Times

From London - 10 hours 30 minutes; New York - 19 hours (with stopover).

Getting There By Water

IndSri Ferry Services Limited provides a ferry service connecting Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu, India, to Kankesanthurai in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The journey covers approximately 110 km across the Palk Strait and takes about 3.5 hours.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Utilising domestic air travel in Sri Lanka can significantly reduce travel times. Cinnamon Air provides scheduled flights to destinations such as Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Kandy, Sigiriya, and Hambantota, while FitsAir connects Colombo with Jaffna, Batticaloa, and Trincomalee.

Bike

Several tour operators provide guided cycling tours, enabling visitors to traverse significant portions of the island. These tours often combine cycling with cultural experiences, wildlife safaris, and culinary explorations, offering a comprehensive way to experience Sri Lanka's rich heritage and natural beauty.

Breakdown Services

The Automobile Association of Ceylon (AAC) offers a national breakdown service.

Car Hire

Several reputable car rental companies operate in Sri Lanka, offering a range of vehicles to suit different needs.

Driving in Sri Lanka can be challenging due to varying road conditions, local driving habits, traffic congestion, and documentation required. Therefore, visitors are encouraged to consider hiring a vehicle with a professional driver.

Coach

The Sri Lanka Transport Board (SLTB) operates government-run buses, ensuring connectivity across the country, including remote areas. These buses are a staple of public transportation, and tickets can be purchased directly at bus stations or through the SLTB's online booking platform, eSeat.lk.

In addition, several private operators run intercity coach services, often providing more comfort and convenience. Some companies, such as NCG Express, allow passengers to book tickets online in advance, making travel planning easier. Platforms like BusSeat.lk also aggregate multiple services, allowing travellers to compare routes, schedules, and fares before making a reservation.

Comfort levels vary between operators. When booking a ticket, especially for long-distance journeys, it is advisable to check what amenities are included to ensure a comfortable trip.

Documentation

An International Driving Permit (IDP) is required and should be obtained before arriving in the country, as it serves as a translation of the driver's home country licence. In addition to the IDP, drivers must also obtain a Sri Lankan Recognition Permit, which can be acquired through the Automobile Association of Ceylon (AAC) or the Department of Motor Traffic in Colombo. This process typically involves presenting the IDP, passport, and paying a fee. Additionally, all vehicles must be covered by valid insurance recognised in Sri Lanka. It is advisable to carry these documents while driving, as local authorities may request them during routine checks.

Getting Around By Rail

Sri Lanka Railways manages a network of approximately 1,611 km, connecting major cities and regions. Several popular railway lines radiate from Colombo, providing access to different parts of the country. Train classes range from basic third-class compartments to more comfortable first-class options, some of which include air conditioning and observation saloons for enhanced scenic viewing.

Popular train routes include:
• Colombo to Kandy – This historic route takes passengers from the coastal plains of Colombo to the lush hills of Kandy, offering picturesque views along the way.
• Kandy to Badulla via Ella – Often hailed as one of the most scenic train rides in the world, this journey winds through the central highlands, showcasing rolling tea plantations, mist-covered mountains, and iconic landmarks like the Nine Arch Bridge.
• Colombo to Galle – Following Sri Lanka's southwestern coastline, this route offers panoramic views of the Indian Ocean, palm-fringed beaches, and charming fishing villages.
• Anuradhapura to Jaffna – Connecting the ancient city of Anuradhapura to the northern city of Jaffna, this route traverses diverse landscapes and provides insights into the unique cultural heritage of the northern region.

Visitors can book train tickets online at Sri Lanka Railways' official reservation site. Do note that trains are sometimes delayed, so travellers should maintain a flexible itinerary.

Regulations

Seat belts are mandatory for all passengers, and motorcyclists must always wear helmets. The legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit is 0.05%, and authorities conduct random checks, especially in urban areas. Speed limits are generally 100 km/h (62 mph) on highways and 50 km/h (31 mph) in urban areas, though drivers should remain alert for signage indicating specific restrictions.

Getting Around By Road

Sri Lanka has an extensive road network spanning approximately 114,093 km, making road travel the primary mode of transportation for both locals and visitors.

Driving in Sri Lanka can be challenging for visitors due to varying driving habits and road conditions. Those unfamiliar with local driving customs should consider hiring a local driver. Urban centres, particularly Colombo, experience significant traffic congestion during peak hours.

Road Classification

A-Grade Roads: These are national highways managed by the Road Development Authority (RDA), connecting major cities and facilitating high-traffic movement.

B-Grade Roads: Serving as feeder roads to A-Grade highways, they link smaller towns and regions.

Expressways (E-Grade): High-speed routes designed for efficient long-distance travel, such as the Colombo–Matara Expressway.

Road Quality

Road conditions vary across Sri Lanka. Major coastal highways and expressways are modern and well-maintained, while some mountain roads may be narrow and riddled with potholes. Roadworks are common, reflecting the country's ongoing infrastructure development.

Side Of Road

l

Taxi

In Sri Lanka, official taxis are typically identifiable by their company logos and contact information displayed on the vehicle. However, unmarked taxis are also aplenty.

Taxis in cities are equipped with meters, but their usage isn't always consistent. Some drivers may prefer to negotiate a fare upfront, especially for longer distances or during peak hours. Tipping taxi drivers is not mandatory, but is appreciated.

Ride-sharing services are available in Sri Lanka. Uber operates primarily in Colombo and Kandy. PickMe, a popular local app, provides services across various regions and has options for cars, bikes, and tuk-tuks.

Urban Travel

In Sri Lanka, buses are the primary mode of transport in almost every city, offering an affordable but often crowded means of travel. In Colombo, the country's bustling commercial capital, the public transport system is extensive. The main bus terminals—Bastian Mawatha, Central, and Gunasinghapura—are located in the Pettah area, providing connections across the city and its suburbs.

Auto rickshaws (tuk-tuks) are also widely available and offer a quick way to navigate through traffic. However, it is advisable to negotiate fares in advance or ensure the meter is used to avoid overcharging.

For a more comfortable option, visitors should consider taxis or ride-sharing apps like Uber and PickMe, which provide greater convenience and transparent pricing.

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Sri Lanka set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Sri Lankan High Commission in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

To enter Sri Lanka, your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the day you arrive.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to. 

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements

You need a visa to visit Sri Lanka. Tourist visas are normally valid for 30 days. If you overstay your visa the police could issue a fine or detain you. Follow the guidelines for tourists issued by Sri Lanka's Immigration and Emigration department.

Applying for a visa

You should apply for a Sri Lanka 'Electronic Travel Authorisation' (ETA) online, at least a few days before departure. You should get your approval notice within 24 hours, and you can use this to enter Sri Lanka.  If you want to extend your visa, contact the Immigration and Emigration department.

You do not need a visa if you're travelling through Sri Lanka by air, as long as the connecting flight is within 24 hours of your arrival. Check with your airline about transit times.

Vaccine requirements

To enter Sri Lanka, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk.

For full details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Sri Lanka guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Sri Lanka. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking money into Sri Lanka

Most major banks allow Visa and Mastercard cash withdrawals. There are ATMs in major towns and cities, but not all accept international cards.

You cannot transfer money without an exchange control permit issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.  

This guide also has safety advice for regions of Sri Lanka.

Terrorism 

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Sri Lanka

Terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka cannot be ruled out.

Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by foreign nationals and tourists such as:

• hotels
• bars, restaurants and night clubs
• beaches
• tourist sites
• places of worship
• large public gatherings, including major events, public holidays, religious occasions

Avoid crowded public places. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

The conflict in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories has led to heightened tensions around the world. Terrorist groups such as Al-Qaida and Daesh, have called on their supporters to carry out terrorist attacks in response to the conflict. The conflict could also motivate individuals to carry out attacks.

Terrorist attacks could target Jewish or Muslim communities, or the interests of Israel and its allies. Attacks could also be indiscriminate and occur without warning.

On Easter Sunday in April 2019, more than 250 people, including 8 British nationals, were killed in terrorist attacks against 3 churches and 3 hotels in Sri Lanka: in Colombo, Negombo and in Batticaloa.

Political and economic situation

Protests and demonstrations can happen anywhere across the island at short notice, and can become violent. Security authorities may use water cannons and tear gas to control protesters.

Large-scale protests in 2022 resulted in violence and loss of life. Movement around the island was difficult due to restrictions such as curfews and roadblocks. 

Avoid demonstrations, political protests or large gatherings. Monitor local media and sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

There's been an increase in incidents of low-level opportunistic crime. Store your belongings as safely as possible to avoid thefts from hotels and guesthouses. Minimise the number of personal items you carry with you. 

On the street, criminals may ride past on mopeds or motorbikes and try to snatch your bag. Take care of your passport and money by keeping them in a body-belt. Carry bags on the side of you that is furthest from the road and do not place bags in the front basket of bicycles.

Violent crimes against foreigners are rare. Gun crime is not uncommon, but usually it is due to a dispute between different criminal groups.

Bank card fraud

Bank card fraud is common.

Fraudsters can steal your card details without you noticing. Use ATMs inside banks or hotels if possible, and check ATMs on the street for signs of tampering. Keep cards in sight when paying in shops and restaurants. Read more about how to avoid bank card fraud.

Drink spiking

Be alert to the possible use of 'date rape' and other drugs including GHB.

Do not take drinks from strangers or leave your drinks unattended. Victims of spiked drinks have been robbed and sometimes assaulted. Alcohol and drugs can reduce your vigilance, making you less in control. If you drink, know your limit. Drinks served in Sri Lanka are often stronger than in the UK as bars and hotels rarely use measures.

Sexual assault

Women continue to report incidents of verbal and physical harassment by men, ranging from sexually suggestive or lewd comments to physical advances and sexual assaults.

Incidents can happen anywhere, but the majority of reported cases take place in crowded areas including:

• markets
• bus and railway stations, or on buses
• sporting events
• tourist sites

Take care when travelling alone or in small groups and consider carrying a personal alarm.

Laws and cultural differences 

Personal ID

You must always carry your passport as an official form of identification. A copy is usually acceptable, but in some situations you may have to produce the original at a police station within a specified time limit.

Alcohol laws and bans

Police could fine you if you ignore notices prohibiting alcohol in certain public areas.

Alcohol is not usually available on religious holidays. Drinking in public on these days could be culturally insensitive. Check locally for dates of religious holidays when this applies.

Smoking and e-cigarette bans

Police could fine you if you ignore 'no smoking' signs in certain public areas.

Detention and prison sentences

There are severe penalties for drug offences, terrorism and all other serious crimes. The authorities could hold you without charge indefinitely. If convicted, you may face a lengthy prison sentence.

If you're arrested under Sri Lanka's Prevention of Terrorism Act, the authorities could detain you without charge awaiting a trial date. 

Using cameras, binoculars and drones in secure areas

Do not fly drones near, use binoculars to look at, or take photographs of:

• military bases
• government buildings
• vehicles used by VIPs

Check how to register and operate drones with Sri Lanka's Civil Aviation Authority.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity is illegal, but we are not aware of any prosecutions.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Dress codes

Nude or topless sunbathing is not allowed.

If you enter a Buddhist temple:

• cover your legs and shoulders
• take off shoes and hats

Religion

Disrespecting Buddhist images and artefacts, or making offensive remarks about religion, is a serious offence and can lead to arrest. If you have visible tattoos of Buddha, you can be refused entry to Sri Lanka or face deportation. Do not pose for photographs standing in front of a statue of Buddha.      

Wildlife

Some Sri Lankan animals can be dangerous. If in doubt, follow advice from authorised guides or your travel operator. Wild elephants and crocodiles will attack humans on occasion. Venomous insects and snakes are found in many parts of the country – though not common in populated areas.

Feral dogs are common and sometimes carry rabies.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism 

Swimming safety

Many beaches in Sri Lanka have dangerous surf or rip tides at certain times of the year. Get advice from your hotel or tour operator before going in the sea.

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society.

Transport risks 

Road travel 

If you are planning to drive in Sri Lanka, see information on driving abroad. Tourists can hire cars, tuk tuks and motorbikes to drive. If you hire a vehicle, check that the company you rent the vehicle from is registered with the Sri Lanka Tourist Board and has a 'Safe & Secure' certificate. You should also:

• have appropriate insurance
• ensure that the vehicle is roadworthy before you start your journey

You need a 1949 international driving permit (IDP) and a Sri Lankan 'recognition permit' to drive a hire vehicle.

You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel. Take your UK driving licence and your IDP along with 2 passport photos to:

They will verify your documents and issue a recognition permit. Your hire car company will usually help with this.

Road safety

Some roads, particularly in more remote areas, may be in poor condition. Driving is erratic and there are frequent road accidents, particularly at night. Stay alert for pedestrians and animals on busy roads. Riding a motorbike can be especially dangerous.

If you have a collision, stay at the site of the accident with your vehicle as long as it is safe to do so. If it is not safe or if you feel threatened, report to a local police station.

There are still security checkpoints on main roads in parts of the country. Follow the instructions of the police or army officers on duty. Security forces have opened fire on vehicles that have not stopped when asked. Roads around government and military sites in Colombo are often closed for security reasons, such as access for VIP convoys.

Buses

Public buses are often driven fast, rarely give way and are often poorly maintained leading to serious bus accidents in recent years. Tourist buses are usually driven more professionally and safely, but standards can vary.

Taxis

You can book taxis using local and international taxi apps. There is less availability outside tourist areas. Motorised rickshaws ('tuk-tuks') are available for hire in towns and villages. Agree a price before you set off or look for one with a working meter.

There are occasional reports of harassment, particularly of women travellers at night. Change to a different tuk-tuk or taxi if you have any concerns about the driver or their standard of driving.

Rail travel

When travelling by train, make sure you stay within the train carriage while the train is moving. There have been fatal accidents when visitors have hung out of open doorways or windows of trains. Take care of your personal possessions at all times. There have been incidents of theft and pickpocketing.

Sea travel

You need prior permission to enter Sri Lankan waters and the security zones in coastal areas.

The threat of piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean remains significant. The combined threat assessment of the international Naval Counter Piracy Forces is that all sailing yachts under their own passage should stay out of the designated High Risk Area or face the risk of being hijacked and held hostage for ransom.

See more advice on staying safe when travelling abroad by sea.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Monsoon

Monsoon rains can cause flooding in many places in Sri Lanka. Floods can cause widespread displacement of people, injuries and occasional deaths. Heavy rains and landslips can also lead to road closures and affect local transport links.

Monitor Sri Lanka's Disaster Management Centre and the Sri Lankan Department of Meteorology for updates and follow local advice.

Tropical cyclones

There is a risk of tropical cyclones. Monitor Sri Lanka's Disaster Management Centre and the World Meteorological Organization for updates.

Northern Sri Lanka

There is a visible military presence across the north. Follow local advice and instructions from the security forces and take seriously warning signs about landmines.

Jaffna Peninsula

Operations to clear mines continue, particularly in the heavily mined area towards Elephant Pass. However, apart from High Security Zones, there is free movement.

Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, Mannar and Vavuniya

There is a visible military presence. There was severe war damage to property throughout the northern region, so accommodation options and infrastructure are limited. Follow any local advice about signs warning of mined areas.

Eastern Sri Lanka

De-mining and clearance operations are ongoing in parts of east Sri Lanka. There are several areas, primarily former military and police locations, that continue to be marked as minefields. Follow the instructions of the local security forces and look out for signs warning of landmines. Do not leave the roads or cleared footpaths and, if in any doubt, contact the local security authorities for advice.

Before you travel check that: 

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant. 

Emergency medical number 

Call 1990 and ask for an ambulance.

Alternatively, contact the Accident Service at Colombo General Hospital on 011 269 1111.

 Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment. 

Vaccine recommendations and health risks 

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Sri Lanka
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Sri Lanka, including:

• Zika virus
• dengue

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Sri Lanka. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro. 

Medication 

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries. 

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro. 

Healthcare in Sri Lanka 

Emergency medical treatment outside main cities is not readily available and you may have to be brought to Colombo for treatment. Treatment in private hospitals can be expensive and the options for repatriation to the UK or neighbouring countries in an emergency are limited and very expensive. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation. 

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Sri Lanka where some staff will speak English. 

Travel and mental health 

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro. 

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel. 

Emergency services in Sri Lanka 

Ambulance: 011 2691111 or 1990 

Fire and Rescue: 111 

Police: 118/119 

Emergency Police Mobile Squad: 011 5717171 

Tourist Police: 011 2421052 

Contact your travel provider and insurer 

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do. 

Refunds and changes to travel 

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first. 

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including: 

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO 

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including: 

• finding English-speaking lawyers or funeral directors in Sri Lanka
• dealing with a death in Sri Lanka
• being arrested or imprisoned in Sri Lanka
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call  FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges 

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow FCDO: 

• travel advice on X
• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies  

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Sri Lanka on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Hepatitis B	Sometimes
Yellow Fever	No*
Typhoid	Sometimes
Tetanus	Yes
Rabies	Sometimes
Malaria	Sometimes
Hepatitis A	Sometimes
Diphtheria	Sometimes

Overview:

Sri Lanka has a universal healthcare system, with a mix of public and private medical facilities. Public hospitals primarily serve the local population, while visitors typically pay to visit private hospitals. Major cities such as Colombo, Kandy, and Galle have well-equipped private hospitals offering a range of medical services, including emergency care and specialised treatments.

Medical costs in private hospitals are lower than in many Western countries, but can still be expensive, especially for serious conditions. Travel insurance is strongly recommended to cover unexpected medical expenses, including hospitalisation, treatment, and emergency evacuation if required.

Pharmacies are widely available in cities and towns, with many stocking common over-the-counter medications. However, some prescription drugs may not be readily available, so visitors should bring a sufficient supply of essential medications, along with a copy of their prescription.

Emergency medical services are available, but response times may vary outside major cities. The emergency ambulance number is 1990, and visitors should familiarise themselves with the locations of reputable medical facilities near their accommodation.

Vaccinations Note:

* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age arriving from an infected area.

Food Drink:

In Sri Lanka, tap water is not recommended for drinking, and visitors should consume bottled or properly purified water.

When it comes to brushing your teeth, opinions vary. Some travellers choose to use tap water without issues, while others prefer bottled water as a precaution. If you opt to use tap water for brushing, ensure you avoid swallowing any water during the process.

Street food is widely available in Sri Lanka, but visitors should exercise caution. Opt for freshly cooked meat and fish, avoiding items that have been sitting out for long periods. When consuming fresh produce, stick to cooked vegetables and peeled fruits, as salads may be washed with untreated water.

Other Risks:

Diseases like dengue fever are present in Sri Lanka. Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and trousers in the evenings, and consider sleeping under mosquito nets where necessary.

In addition, the tropical climate means strong sun exposure. Use sunscreen, wear hats, and stay hydrated to prevent sunburn and heat-related issues.

Currency Information:

Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR; symbol Rs) = 100 cents. Banknotes are in denominations of Rs 5,000, 2,000, 1,000, 500, 200, 100, 50, and 20, though lower-value notes such as Rs 10, 5, 2, and 1 are now rarely seen, having been largely replaced by coins. Coins are available in denominations of Rs 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1, as well as 50, 25, 10, 5, 2, and 1 cents, though cents are seldom used in everyday transactions.

Credit Cards:

MasterCard and Visa are widely accepted in Sri Lanka's urban centres and tourist areas. However, it's prudent to carry cash for transactions in more remote locations or smaller establishments.

ATMs:

ATMs are widely available, though not all accept international cards. Those that do may charge a transaction fee. Withdrawal limits typically range from Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 80,000 per transaction, depending on the bank and ATM.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 09:00 to 16:00.

Currency Restrictions:

Local currency: Both Sri Lankan residents and non-residents are permitted to import or export local currency up to LKR 20,000.

Foreign currency: The import of foreign currency is unrestricted; however, amounts exceeding USD 15,000 or equivalent must be declared upon arrival. For exporting foreign currency, up to USD 10,000 is allowed without documentation, but amounts exceeding this require the original import declaration.

Currency Exchange:

Licensed money exchange counters are prevalent in cities like Colombo, Negombo, Kandy, Galle, and Jaffna. These establishments often provide competitive exchange rates. Most commercial banks also offer currency exchange services. Travellers should avoid street dealers.

The US Dollar (USD) is the most widely accepted foreign currency for exchange in Sri Lanka. Other major currencies, such as the Euro (EUR) and British Pound (GBP), are also commonly accepted.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
LKR	Rp

Exchange Rates

100.12

156.15

185.28

149.43

Language

Sri Lanka has two official languages: Sinhala (spoken by the majority of the population), and Tamil (primarily spoken in the Northern and Eastern provinces).

English is widely used as a link language, especially in business, tourism, and government affairs.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2025-01-01 00:00:00	0
Duruthu Full Moon Poya Day	2025-01-13 00:00:00	0
Tamil Thai Pongal Day	2025-01-14 00:00:00	0
National Day	2025-02-04 00:00:00	0
Navam Full Moon Poya Day	2025-02-12 00:00:00	0
Mahashivratri	2025-02-26 00:00:00	0
Medin Full Moon Poya Day	2025-03-13 00:00:00	0
Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan)	2025-03-31 00:00:00	0
Bak Full Moon Poya Day	2025-04-12 00:00:00	1
Good Friday	2025-04-18 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2025-05-01 00:00:00	0
Vesak (Buddha's Birthday)	2025-05-12 00:00:00	0
Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)	2025-06-07 00:00:00	0
Poson Full Moon Poya Day	2025-06-10 00:00:00	1
Esala Full Moon Poya Day	2025-07-10 00:00:00	1
Nikini Full Moon Poya Day	2025-08-08 00:00:00	1
Milad un Nabi (Birth of the Prophet Muhammad)	2025-09-05 00:00:00	0
Binara Full Moon Poya Day	2025-09-07 00:00:00	1
Vap Full Moon Poya Day	2025-10-06 00:00:00	1
Diwali (Festival of Lights)	2025-10-20 00:00:00	0
Il Full Moon Poya Day	2025-11-05 00:00:00	1
Unduvap Full Moon Poya Day	2025-12-04 00:00:00	1
Christmas Day	2025-12-25 00:00:00	0

Note:

(a) Muslim festivals are timed according to local sightings of various phases of the moon and the dates given below are approximations. During the lunar month of Ramadan that precedes Eid al-Fitr, Muslims fast during the day and feast at night and normal business patterns may be interrupted; however, since Sri Lanka is not a predominantly Muslim country restrictions (which travellers may experience elsewhere) are unlikely to cause problems.

(b) Hindu and Buddhist festivals are declared according to local astronomical observations and it is not possible to forecast the date of their occurrence exactly.

Overview:

Sri Lanka duty-free allowance for residents

Alcoholic Beverages: 2.5L of spirits and 2L of wine, granted once within a 365-day period.

Other goods:
• Less than 90 days abroad: Up to US $125 (if purchased overseas) or US $187.50 (if purchased at Sri Lanka duty-free shops).
• Between 90 to 365 days abroad: Up to US $500 (if purchased overseas) or US $625 (if purchased at Sri Lanka duty-free shops).
• Over 365 days abroad: Up to US $1,000 (if purchased overseas) or US $1,750 (if purchased at Sri Lanka duty-free shops).

Additional baggage allowances apply, depending on various factors. Returning residents are advised to check the latest regulations at Sri Lanka Customs.

Sri Lanka duty-free allowance for non-residents

• 2 bottles of wine and 1.5L of spirits.
• Up to 250ml of eau de toilette and a small quantity of perfume.
• Goods up to US $250.
• Personal clothing and other essentials.

There is no duty-free allowance for tobacco products. Additionally, valuable items such as cameras and laptops must be declared upon arrival and must be taken out of the country upon departure.

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Banned Imports:

Military and defence equipment, remote-controlled toys, hazardous chemicals and pesticides, used and reconditioned appliances.

Mobile Telephone:

Mobile phone coverage in Sri Lanka is widespread, with good reception in cities, towns, and major tourist areas. However, coverage can be limited in some remote or mountainous regions.

The country has the following mobile network providers:
• Dialog Axiata – The largest operator with extensive coverage and strong data services.
• Mobitel – A major competitor offering reliable network coverage.
• Other providers include Airtel Sri Lanka and Hutch, which offer competitive data and call packages.

Visitors can easily purchase prepaid SIM cards from major providers at airports, mobile shops, supermarkets, and convenience stores. A passport is required for SIM card registration.

Internet:

Wi-Fi is available in most hotels, cafes, and restaurants, but speeds can vary. For a more reliable connection, visitors may opt for a local SIM card with a data plan.

Media:

Sri Lanka has a mix of state-owned and private television, radio, and print outlets. The country has a long history of press freedom, though media regulation and political influence remain key factors in shaping news coverage.

Television is one of the most popular sources of news and entertainment in Sri Lanka. The country has both state-run and private TV channels, broadcasting in Sinhala, Tamil, and English. State-run broadcaster: Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (SLRC) operates several channels, including Rupavahini and Channel Eye, which air news, educational programs, and cultural content.

Radio remains an important medium, particularly in rural areas, where it serves as a key source of news and entertainment. The Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) operates state-owned radio stations in multiple languages.

Leading English newspapers are Daily News, Daily Mirror, and The Sunday Times.

With the growth of the internet and social media, digital news platforms and online journalism have become increasingly popular. Many traditional media outlets have expanded online, and independent news websites provide alternative viewpoints. However, internet restrictions and content regulation have occasionally been enforced, particularly during periods of political unrest.

Sigiriya Rock Fortress

Rising dramatically from the central plains, Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Climb to the summit to explore the ruins of King Kashyapa's palace, marvel at the intricate frescoes, and stroll through the meticulously designed water gardens. The panoramic vistas from the top are nothing short of breathtaking.

Udawalawe National Park

Famed for its large elephant population, Udawalawe National Park rivals African safaris with its open grasslands and easy wildlife spotting. The park is one of the best places in Sri Lanka to see wild elephants up close, along with water buffalo, deer, and crocodiles. It is also home to the Udawalawe Elephant Transit Home, which rehabilitates orphaned elephants before releasing them into the wild.

Hiking

Sri Lanka has many hiking spots, including Adam's Peak (a pilgrimage site famed for the 'Sri Pada' footprint at its summit), Ella Rock (offering panoramic views over tea plantations), Horton Plains National Park (home to the dramatic World's End cliff, where the plateau plunges nearly 880m), and Knuckles Mountain Range (a rugged escape for seasoned hikers seeking off-the-beaten-path adventures).

Yala National Park

Yala National Park is probably Sri Lanka's most famous wildlife reserve. Renowned for its high density of leopards, the park is also home to elephants, sloth bears, crocodiles, and an astonishing variety of birds. Its diverse landscapes, from dry forests to coastal lagoons, make it an exciting destination for nature enthusiasts and photographers alike.

Ella

Nestled in Sri Lanka's central highlands, Ella is a picturesque town celebrated for its lush greenery and cool climate. Visitors are drawn to attractions such as the Nine Arches Bridge, Little Adam's Peak, and the scenic train journeys that traverse the region. Ella's laid-back atmosphere and stunning vistas make it a haven for nature lovers and hikers.

Kitulgala

Kitulgala is known as Sri Lanka's adventure capital. The town offers thrilling activities such as white-water rafting on the Kelani River, jungle trekking, and waterfall abseiling. Notably, Kitulgala was the filming location for the classic movie "The Bridge on the River Kwai". Additionally, the area is rich in biodiversity, making it a haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.

Beaches

Sri Lanka's coastline is adorned with stunning beaches. On the southwest coast, Unawatuna's coral reefs attract snorkellers, while Bentota offers golden sands, river safaris, and visits to nearby turtle hatcheries. Further south, Tangalle's secluded shores provide serenity. On the east coast, Arugam Bay is a top surf spot, while Nilaveli near Trincomalee boasts white sands and clear waters for swimming and diving.

Kandy

Nestled amidst lush hills, Kandy is the cultural soul of Sri Lanka. At its heart lies the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, a revered site housing a tooth of the Buddha. The city's serene Kandy Lake offers a tranquil backdrop for leisurely walks. Time your visit to coincide with the Esala Perahera, a grand festival featuring traditional dancers, drummers, and lavishly decorated elephants, showcasing the island's rich heritage.

Colombo

Most visitors begin their adventure in Colombo, a bustling metropolis where modernity seamlessly blends with colonial heritage. Stroll through the historic Pettah Market, a lively bazaar bursting with sights and sounds. Visit the National Museum to explore the island's storied past and admire the eclectic architecture, from ancient temples to colonial-era buildings. The city's vibrant nightlife and diverse culinary scene ensure that every moment is filled with excitement.

Dambulla Cave Temples

The Dambulla Cave Temple, also known as the Rangiri Dambulla Cave Temple, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the largest, best-preserved cave temple complex in Sri Lanka. Adorned with intricate murals and housing an impressive collection of Buddha statues, the temple offers a serene atmosphere for reflection and exploration.

Galle

The coastal city of Galle beckons with its well-preserved Old Town and imposing Galle Fort, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Wander through narrow cobblestone streets lined with Dutch colonial villas, boutique shops, and quaint cafes. The fort's ramparts offer panoramic views of the azure Indian Ocean, making it a perfect spot to witness a mesmerising sunset.

Polonnaruwa

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Polonnaruwa was Sri Lanka's second ancient capital, following Anuradhapura, and remains one of the best-preserved archaeological sites in the country. Its ruins tell the story of a grand medieval kingdom, with ornate palaces, towering stupas, and intricately carved Buddha statues at Gal Vihara. Cycling through the ancient city is a popular way to explore its majestic remains.

Anuradhapura

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Anuradhapura is a sacred city dotted with gigantic dagobas (stupas), ancient monasteries, and the revered Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi tree—believed to be the oldest tree planted by humans. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it offers a fascinating glimpse into Sri Lanka's Buddhist heritage and engineering marvels from over 2,000 years ago.

Sinharaja Forest Reserve

A UNESCO-listed biodiversity hotspot, Sinharaja Forest Reserve is Sri Lanka's last remaining primary rainforest and a paradise for hikers and bird watchers. With its dense canopy, rare endemic wildlife, and exotic bird species, it offers an immersive jungle experience. The forest is best explored on guided treks, where visitors can discover its hidden waterfalls, unique plant life, and elusive wildlife.

Diving

Top dive sites in Sri Lanka include Hikkaduwa for coral gardens, Unawatuna for reef and wreck dives, Trincomalee (Swami Rock and Pigeon Island) for reef sharks, turtles, and tropical fish, Batticaloa for the HMS Hermes wreck, and Kalpitiya for dolphin encounters.

Mirissa

From November to April, the seas off Mirissa's coast become a migratory corridor for several whale species, offering enthusiasts the chance to observe these majestic creatures in their natural habitat. Regular sightings include blue whales, sperm whales, Bryde’s whales, and fin whales, along with playful pods of dolphins.

Overview

In Colombo, visitors can experience everything from high-end retail to traditional bazaars. Shopping malls such as One Galle Face, Colombo City Centre, and Crescat Boulevard offer a mix of international brands, dining, and entertainment. For unique home décor, souvenirs, and handloom textiles, Barefoot and Paradise Road are well-loved stops, offering high-quality Sri Lankan craftsmanship with a contemporary touch.

For a more authentic local experience, Pettah Market is a must-visit. This lively bazaar is packed with stalls selling everything from textiles and jewellery to spices and souvenirs. The Good Market, held weekly, focuses on organic products, sustainable goods, and locally made handicrafts, making it an excellent stop for ethical shopping. Meanwhile, Laksala, the state-run handicraft emporium, is a reliable place to pick up traditional crafts, including wooden carvings, decorative masks, and batik textiles.

Beyond Colombo, other cities provide fantastic shopping experiences. In Kandy, visitors can browse the Kandy City Centre for a mix of modern retail and traditional crafts, or explore local markets for textiles and fresh produce. The Galle Fort area is filled with boutique shops selling antiques, jewellery, and art, set against a charming colonial backdrop.

Some of the most popular Sri Lankan souvenirs include Ceylon tea, aromatic spices like cinnamon and cardamom, beautifully woven handloom textiles, and exquisite gems and jewellery, especially sapphires. While fixed prices are standard in malls and branded stores, bargaining is common in local markets, so visitors should feel free to negotiate politely. Major credit cards are accepted in most places, but carrying cash is advisable when shopping at markets and smaller shops. When purchasing high-value items such as gems, it's essential to buy from reputable dealers to ensure authenticity.

Opening Hours

Malls: Mon-Sun 10:00 to 21:00.

Markets: Mon-Fri 08:30 to 16:00 (generally but not always).

Overview

Sri Lanka's cuisine is a vibrant blend of bold spices, tropical ingredients, and diverse culinary influences, reflecting the island's rich history and cultural heritage.

Rice is the staple of most meals, typically served with a variety of curries, sambols (spicy condiments), and pickles. Coconut, in its many forms—milk, oil, grated—is a key ingredient in Sri Lankan cooking, adding depth to both savoury and sweet dishes. Vegetarian travellers will find plenty of options, as many traditional Sri Lankan dishes are plant-based. Dhal curry, hoppers, string hoppers, pol roti, and jackfruit curry are all excellent choices.

Spices like cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves, once the heart of Sri Lanka's spice trade, remain central to the local flavours. Tea is the national drink, with Ceylon tea being world-famous, but fresh fruit juices and spiced beverages are also popular.

It is customary to eat most meals using the right hand, as this practice enhances the experience by allowing individuals to mix flavours and textures more intimately. However, most restaurants, particularly those catering to tourists, provide cutlery for visitors who prefer using utensils. Washing hands before and after meals is a common practice in Sri Lanka to maintain hygiene.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

A 10% service charge is often included in bills at restaurants, but tipping extra for good service is appreciated, especially in smaller establishments where service charges may not apply.

Drinking Age

21.

Hotels

Sri Lanka offers a wide range of accommodation options, catering to different budgets and travel styles. From luxury resorts to budget-friendly guesthouses, visitors can find a stay that suits their needs.

High-end beachfront resorts, boutique hotels, and heritage properties provide world-class comfort, often featuring spa facilities, infinity pools, and fine dining. Popular locations include Colombo, Bentota, Galle, and Kandy.

Sri Lanka also has a growing number of charming boutique hotels, eco-lodges, and colonial-style guesthouses, especially in Ella, Nuwara Eliya, and Sigiriya. These accommodations offer a balance of comfort and authenticity.

Wellness travellers can opt for Ayurvedic resorts that focus on holistic healing, yoga, and meditation, while eco-conscious visitors can stay in sustainable lodges surrounded by nature.

Camping Caravaning

Sri Lanka has several campsites in national parks, forests, and along scenic rivers. Many organised campsites offer pre-set tents, meals, and guided activities, particularly in places like Yala, Wilpattu, and Horton Plains National Park.

Wild camping is not allowed.

History

Sri Lanka's documented history begins around the 6th century BCE with the arrival of the Sinhalese people from northern India. According to tradition, Prince Vijaya led these early settlers, establishing the foundations of Sinhalese culture. Buddhism was introduced in the 3rd century BCE by Mahinda, the son of Indian Emperor Ashoka, profoundly influencing the island's culture and architecture. This period saw the rise of ancient cities like Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, renowned for their sophisticated irrigation systems and monumental stupas.

Sri Lanka's strategic maritime position attracted European colonial powers. The Portuguese arrived in the early 16th century, establishing control over coastal areas. They were succeeded by the Dutch in the 17th century, who expanded colonial rule. In 1815, the British took control, unifying the island under a single administration for the first time. During British rule, the island, then known as Ceylon, saw significant changes, including the introduction of plantation agriculture—tea, rubber, and coffee—and the development of infrastructure like railways and roads.

The early 20th century marked a surge in nationalist movements advocating for self-governance. Ceylon gained independence from British colonial rule on February 4, 1948. In 1972, the nation adopted a republican constitution, changing its name to Sri Lanka. Post-independence, the country faced ethnic tensions between the Sinhalese majority and the Tamil minority, culminating in a prolonged civil war from 1983 to 2009. The end of the conflict ushered in a period of reconstruction and reconciliation. In recent years, Sri Lanka has focused on economic development and political reforms, striving to heal from past conflicts and build a prosperous future.

Today, Sri Lanka stands as a testament to resilience, offering a unique blend of historical sites, cultural diversity, and natural beauty, inviting visitors to explore its storied past and vibrant present.

Did you know?
• Sri Lanka had a sophisticated ancient irrigation system known as the tank cascade system, which was developed over 2,000 years ago.
• In Sri Lankan culture, a distinctive side-to-side head wobble is commonly used to indicate agreement or acknowledgement.
• In many Sri Lankan towns, you might hear the tune of Beethoven's "Für Elise" playing from tuk-tuks. These are mobile bakeries selling fresh bread and pastries.

Religion

Buddhists (70.2%), Hindus (12.6%), Muslims (9.7%), Christians (7.4%).

Social Conventions

A traditional Sri Lankan greeting, the 'Ayubowan' gesture, involves placing palms together and bowing slightly. This is commonly used when meeting someone for the first time. A handshake is standard in business settings, though some may prefer a nod or the traditional greeting instead.

The right hand is traditionally used for giving, receiving, and eating, as the left hand is considered unclean. When handling money or offering something, it is polite to use the right hand or both hands together.

Casual attire is acceptable in most places, but modest dress is required at religious sites. Visitors should cover their shoulders and knees when entering temples, shrines, and other sacred places. Shoes and hats must be removed before entering. Additionally, turning your back to a Buddha statue while taking photos is considered disrespectful, and pointing at religious figures or touching sacred objects should be avoided.

Public displays of affection are not widely accepted in Sri Lanka. Holding hands is generally fine, but kissing and other forms of physical affection in public are frowned upon.

Bargaining is expected in markets and with tuk-tuk drivers, but should always be done politely. In restaurants, a 10% tip is appreciated, even when a service charge is included.

Finally, expect a lot of head waggling—a signature Sri Lankan gesture that can mean yes, no, or maybe, depending on the context.

Best Time To Visit:

Sri Lanka has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, influenced by two monsoons. Coastal areas generally experience warm temperatures around 28°C (82°F), while the central hill region is cooler, averaging 16–20°C (60–68°F). The best time to visit Sri Lanka depends on the region.

Southwest region (Colombo, Galle, Yala National Park)

The Yala monsoon brings heavy rainfall to the Southwest region from May to September, with some coastal areas experiencing rain until November. Therefore, the best time to visit the Southwest region is from December to April, when the weather is warm and dry. For example, Galle enjoys average highs of 29°C (84°F) during this period.

Northeast region (Trincomalee, Jaffna, Batticaloa)

The Maha monsoon brings frequent rain and storms to the northeast region from October to January. Therefore, the best time to visit the northeast region is from May to September, when the weather is sunny and dry.

The central hill region (Kandy, Ella, Nuwara Eliya, Horton Plains)

In the central hill region, the cooler climate makes it a refreshing escape from the coastal heat, with temperatures ranging between 23–26°C (73–79°F). The best time to visit this area is from January to March when the weather is mild and rainfall is at its lowest. However, October and November are the wettest months, with heavy rain expected.

Colombo

Colombo is hot, humid, and rainy year-round, with average highs of 30°C (87°F) and lows of 24°C (75°F). The city receives abundant rainfall from April to May and September to November.

Inter-monsoonal period

Sri Lanka also experiences an inter-monsoonal period (October–November), bringing frequent thunderstorms across the island. No matter when you visit, it's always a good idea to carry an umbrella or raincoat.

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Required Clothing

Lightweight, breathable cotton or linen clothing is ideal for Sri Lanka's warm, tropical climate, while a light jacket or sweater is useful for cooler hill country areas like Nuwara Eliya and Ella. Modest attire is expected at religious sites, so visitors should carry a scarf or shawl to cover their shoulders and wear longer skirts or trousers when visiting temples. Comfortable walking shoes are recommended for sightseeing, and a rain jacket or umbrella is advisable, especially during the monsoon season. Sun protection, including a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen, is essential for outdoor activities.

Dialing Code:

+94

Area(sq km):

65,610

Population:

22.04 million

Population Density(per sq km):

333

Population Year:

2023

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

110