Botswana Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Gaborone.

Geography:

Located in the heart of southern Africa, Botswana is a landlocked country known for its wide-open spaces, dramatic skies, and diverse natural landscapes. It shares borders with Namibia to the west and north, Zimbabwe to the northeast, Zambia at a single point near Kazungula, and South Africa to the south and southeast.

Much of Botswana lies on the Kalahari Plateau, a vast expanse of semi-arid savannah and sandveld that covers around 70% of the country. Despite its name, the Kalahari isn't a true desert—it supports a surprising amount of wildlife and vegetation, especially after the rains.

The most iconic geographic feature is the Okavango Delta in the northwest—a vast, seasonally flooded wetland and UNESCO World Heritage Site where water from Angola's highlands fans out and disappears into the sands. It's one of the few inland deltas in the world and a magnet for wildlife and birdlife.

To the northeast lies the Chobe River floodplain, lush and green in contrast to the surrounding dryland, while central Botswana is home to the Makgadikgadi Pans, one of the largest salt flats on Earth—otherworldly in the dry season and teeming with life during the rains.

The highest point in Botswana is Monalanong Hill, near the capital Gaborone, rising to about 1,494 metres (4,902 ft) above sea level. The lowest point is the junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers, at around 513 metres (1,683 feet).

For travellers, Botswana's geography is as much about the atmosphere as the terrain—from moonlit salt pans to water-laced reed beds, rolling acacia woodlands, and sun-baked savannah. It's a country where space is plentiful, wildlife still roams freely, and the land itself is a central part of the experience.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

The main international gateway is Sir Seretse Khama International Airport (GBE), located just north of the capital, Gaborone. Smaller international airports in Maun (MUB) and Kasane (BBK) also receive flights, particularly from neighbouring countries, and are popular entry points for travellers heading straight to safari regions.

The national carrier is Air Botswana. It operates domestic and regional routes, including Johannesburg, Cape Town, Lusaka, and Harare.

There are no direct long-haul flights from Europe, North America, or Asia to Botswana, so most travellers arrive via Johannesburg (South Africa), the primary regional hub. From Johannesburg, daily connections are also available to Gaborone, Maun, and Kasane.

Some visitors heading to the Okavango Delta or Chobe National Park may opt to fly into Maun or Kasane directly from Johannesburg. From Maun, light aircraft flights are commonly used to reach remote safari camps and lodges within the Delta.

Flight Times

From London to Gaborone – 14 hours (with stopover); New York to Gaborone – 22 hours (with stopover).

Getting There By Road

Botswana is easily accessible by road from several neighbouring countries. The road network is generally in good condition, and border formalities are straightforward, particularly if you have the correct documents. Popular border crossings include:

From South Africa:
• Tlokweng Gate (near Gaborone) – the most direct route from Johannesburg, linking to Gaborone via the Ramatlabama border post.
• Martin's Drift (near Palapye) – a major crossing on the N11/A1 route, popular with travellers heading to central and northern Botswana.
• Pioneer Gate (near Lobatse) – another convenient entry point from South Africa into southeastern Botswana.

From Namibia:
• Ngoma Bridge (near Kasane) – ideal for those travelling between Namibia's Caprivi Strip and Chobe National Park.
• Mamuno/Buitepos – the main crossing between Windhoek and Gaborone, along the Trans-Kalahari Highway.

From Zimbabwe:
• Kazungula – located near Victoria Falls, this is a key crossing for visitors heading into northern Botswana and the Chobe region.

From Zambia:
• Kazungula Bridge – this is a common route for those coming from Zambia's side of Victoria Falls.

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Given Botswana's vast distances and remote wilderness areas, domestic air travel is a practical way to get around, especially for visitors heading into the Okavango Delta and other safari regions. The country is well served by a network of small airports and airstrips, with regular scheduled and charter flights linking key destinations.

The main domestic air hubs are Gaborone, Maun, Kasane, and Francistown. Of these, Maun is particularly important: often described as the "gateway to the Okavango Delta", it's the jumping-off point for most light aircraft flights into the Delta's network of bush airstrips and private lodges.

Air Botswana, the national carrier, operates domestic routes between major towns, including Gaborone, Maun, Kasane, and Francistown. However, much of the internal air traffic—especially for tourism—is handled by private charter companies such as Moremi Air, Mack Air, and Kavango Air, which specialise in flying guests to remote safari camps.

Flights in light aircraft are an experience in themselves. With just a handful of seats and spectacular aerial views, these flights offer a unique perspective of Botswana's landscapes—from winding waterways to elephant herds below.

Bike

Touring Botswana on two wheels is not a popular option due to the country's vast distances, high temperatures, and the presence of wildlife on rural roads.

Breakdown Services

Many car hire companies include basic breakdown assistance or offer optional extended coverage. If hiring a vehicle for a self-drive safari, it is wise to confirm the procedures for emergencies and recovery, particularly in parks or remote regions. Having said that, travellers exploring remote or off-road areas are advised to carry essential tools, a spare tyre, and plenty of water.

Car Hire

Car hire is widely available in Botswana, particularly in major towns and tourist hubs such as Gaborone, Francistown, Maun, and Kasane. International companies such as Avis, Europcar, and Hertz operate in the country, alongside reputable local firms. Vehicles can be booked in advance online or arranged upon arrival at airports and city offices.

For those planning to stay on paved roads and travel between towns, a standard sedan may suffice. However, for trips into national parks, game reserves, or rural areas, a 4x4 vehicle is strongly recommended. Many car hire companies offer fully equipped 4x4s with camping gear, rooftop tents, and additional fuel tanks for self-drive safaris.

Most rental agreements include insurance and a daily mileage limit. Cross-border travel is possible with prior arrangements, but drivers will need to obtain the necessary permits and inform the rental company in advance.

Coach

Long-distance buses and coaches operate between major towns and cities in Botswana, offering an affordable and reliable form of domestic transport. Services are most frequent on routes such as Gaborone to Francistown, Maun, or Kasane, with daily departures provided by private bus companies.

Coaches vary in comfort, some offer air conditioning and reclining seats, while others are more basic. Tickets are usually purchased at bus stations or directly from the driver, and reservations may not be necessary except during peak travel periods or public holidays.

Documentation

Visitors planning to drive in Botswana must carry the correct documentation at all times. A valid driving licence from your home country is required, and if the licence is not in English, an International Driving Permit (IDP) should be carried alongside it.

If you're entering Botswana with your own vehicle or a rental from a neighbouring country, you'll also need:
• Vehicle registration papers or a certified copy
• Third-party insurance (can be purchased at the border if not already included)
• Cross-border permit (usually arranged by rental agencies)
• Proof of vehicle ownership or authorisation from the hire company to take the vehicle across borders

At the border, you may also be required to pay a cross-border charge, which covers insurance, road usage, and vehicle clearance. Keep all receipts and paperwork with you, as you may be asked to show them at checkpoints.

Getting Around By Rail

Botswana Railways operates a limited but reliable domestic passenger train service along the eastern corridor of the country. The main route runs between Lobatse, Gaborone, Palapye, and Francistown, with stops in smaller towns along the way. The flagship service is the **BR Express**, which offers both seated and sleeper options, including air-conditioned coaches and a buffet car.

Trains are generally punctual and provide a comfortable alternative to long-distance road travel. Tickets can be purchased at railway stations or online via the Botswana Railways website. Though domestic rail doesn't reach key safari destinations like Maun or Kasane, it is a useful option for travel between eastern cities.

Regulations

Seat belts are mandatory for all passengers, and the use of mobile phones while driving is prohibited unless a hands-free device is used.

The national speed limits are as follows (unless otherwise posted):
• 120 km/h (75 mph) on open roads and highways
• 60 km/h (37 mph) in towns and villages
• 40 km/h (25 mph) near schools and built-up residential areas.

Speed cameras and traffic police are present on major routes, and fines may be issued for violations. Drink driving is strictly enforced, with a legal blood alcohol limit of 0.08%. Random breath tests are conducted, especially during holidays and weekends.

Driving at night outside urban areas is not recommended due to the high risk of encountering wildlife or livestock on the road, and the limited lighting on rural routes.

Getting Around By Road

Travelling by car is one of the most practical ways to explore Botswana, especially for visitors heading to national parks, game reserves, and remote lodges. The country has a reasonably well-maintained road network, with paved roads connecting major towns such as Gaborone, Francistown, Maun, and Kasane.

Many visitors choose to hire a vehicle—often a 4x4—to navigate Botswana's more rugged regions. Self-drive safaris are popular, and the country is well-regarded for its camping facilities, scenic routes, and sense of adventure. In more remote areas, roads may be gravel or sandy, and conditions can change quickly depending on the weather.

Public transport exists between major towns, but services are limited in rural areas, making private vehicles the most reliable option for independent travel. Driving is on the left-hand side, and fuel stations are available in most urban centres, though it's advisable to fill up before entering national parks or isolated regions.

Road Classification

Botswana's roads are classified into a few main categories:
• A-roads are the primary roads, connecting major towns and cities. Most are paved, such as the A1 running from the South African border through Gaborone, Mahalapye, and Francistown. These roads form the backbone of long-distance travel across Botswana.
• B-roads and C-roads are secondary roads. These can be a mix of sealed and gravel surfaces. Many are passable in a regular vehicle, though conditions vary.
• D-roads and tracks are minor or unmaintained roads, often found within national parks, game reserves, and remote areas. These are typically unpaved and may only be navigable with a 4x4 vehicle, especially during or after rainfall.

While road numbers are marked on maps and GPS systems, signage on the ground can be inconsistent—especially on secondary and unpaved routes.

Road Quality

Road quality in Botswana varies significantly depending on the region. Major roads linking towns and cities—such as the A1 from Gaborone to Francistown—are generally paved and in good condition. These tarmac roads offer smooth and relatively straightforward travel between key destinations.

However, once off the main highways, road conditions can deteriorate quickly. Many secondary and rural roads are gravel or sand, and may become challenging during the rainy season (November to March) due to flooding, potholes, or mud. In national parks and game reserves, roads are often unpaved and can be deep sand tracks or rugged trails requiring a high-clearance 4x4 vehicle.

Potholes, livestock, and wildlife are common hazards even on sealed roads, especially at night. Caution and lower speeds are strongly advised when travelling outside major towns.

Side Of Road

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Taxi

Taxis are widely available in Botswana's towns and cities, particularly in Gaborone, Francistown, Maun, and Kasane. Most operate as unmetered private taxis, so it is essential to agree on the fare before the journey begins. Prices are reasonable, but may vary depending on the driver, time of day, and distance travelled.

Shared taxis ("kombis"), which follow set routes and pick up multiple passengers along the way, are also common in urban areas. They are cheaper than private taxis but can be crowded and less flexible.

For ride-hailing apps, services such as Yango and inDrive have started operating in Gaborone, offering a more transparent and convenient alternative to traditional taxis. However, availability may be limited outside the capital.

Hotel reception desks can usually call a reliable taxi on your behalf, and many locals use WhatsApp to contact preferred drivers directly. Tipping is not obligatory but rounding up the fare is appreciated.

Urban Travel

In larger urban centres such as Gaborone and Francistown, minibuses (known locally as "kombis") operate on fixed routes and are the most common form of public transport for residents. Fares are low and paid in cash, though routes can be confusing for first-time visitors and signage is often minimal.

Taxis are also widely available, both shared and private. Shared taxis follow set routes and pick up multiple passengers, while private taxis charge per trip. Fares are usually negotiable and not metered, so it's best to agree on a price in advance.

Ride-hailing services, Yango and inDrive, are now operating in Gaborone, offering a more transparent and convenient alternative to traditional taxis.

Walking is safe and common during the day in most urban areas, though care should be taken with valuables. At night, taxis are recommended, as street lighting and pedestrian infrastructure can be limited in some areas.

Getting Around By Water

Boat transport in Botswana is geared towards tourism rather than local commuting.

In the remote areas of the Okavango Delta, mokoro (dugout canoe) trips and motorboat transfers are common for tourists travelling between safari camps. These journeys are typically part of pre-arranged tour packages and not used for regular domestic transport.

In the Chobe region, particularly around Kasane, boat safaris and river transfers are also popular among visitors.

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of Botswana's current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Botswana set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Botswana High Commission in the UK.

Telephone: 0207 499 0031

Email: bohico@govbw.com   

Passport validity requirements

To enter Botswana, your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the date you arrive and at least 3 blank pages.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

This will record your date and port of entry. Unstamped passports will raise suspicions of illegal entry.

Dual nationals

Dual nationals must enter Botswana on the same passport they used to exit the previous country.

Visa requirements

You can visit Botswana for up to 90 days without a visa.

If you want to work, study or volunteer in Botswana, see the requirements for business, study and employment visas.  

Overstaying a visa or a permitted visit can cause a delay to your departure. If you want to extend your stay, contact Botswana's Department of Immigration.

Travelling with children

You must have an original or certified copy of the full birth certificate of any child aged 17 or under when you enter or leave the country.

Any parent not present must sign an affidavit giving their consent for the child to travel. For more information contact the Botswana High Commission in the UK.

Vaccine requirements

To enter Botswana, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk.

For more details about health entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Botswana guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Botswana. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking money into Botswana    

Declare foreign or local cash currency if the value is 10,000 Botswana pula or more. If you do not, you could be liable to prosecution.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Botswana

Although there's no recent history of terrorism in Botswana, attacks cannot be ruled out.

Crime

Attacks on tourists are rare, but violent crime is increasing particularly in the major towns of Gaborone, Francistown and Maun. Criminals have also carried out hold-ups and robberies of restaurants during peak hours.

Protecting yourself and your belongings

Criminals may target cars waiting at traffic lights. To reduce the risk of attack:

• keep doors locked and windows closed
• keep handbags, phones and laptops out of sight
• avoid carrying luggage in your vehicle whenever possible
• do not stop for people at the roadside hitchhiking

House burglaries, often by armed gangs, are common. They do not often target tourists, but there have been isolated room break-ins and theft from lodges in the Chobe area, particularly river-fronting lodges. To reduce the risk of burglary or home invasion:

• lock your room at all times
• speak to your travel operator if your accommodation does not seem secure
• secure valuables in a hotel safe or other safe place

Sexual assault

Botswana has a high number of sexual assaults. While foreign visitors are unlikely to be targeted, women should take care when walking and avoid walking alone at night.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

Always carry some identification. A copy of the photo page in your passport is usually enough as long as you can produce the original if required.

If you send your passport for renewal, make sure you have a certified copy that you can present in its place.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

Drug taking and trafficking are illegal. If you're convicted of a drug-related offence, you can get a fine of up to 500,000 pulas (about £30,000) or a prison sentence of up to 25 years, or both. Prison conditions are generally poor.

Using cameras in secure areas

It is illegal to take photographs or use video equipment near military and government installations. Always ask permission before photographing people in Botswana.

LGBT+ travellers

Although same-sex sexual activity is no longer prohibited by law, public attitudes are less tolerant than in the UK and displaying affection in public may attract negative attention.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Wildlife, animal products and souvenirs

It's illegal to buy, sell, kill or capture any protected wild animal or trade its parts. If you're caught hunting, buying or trafficking these goods you will be prosecuted. If you're convicted, sentences can be severe.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism  

If you travel to remote areas, make transport and accommodation arrangements in advance and seek local security advice. Take emergency supplies, including water and fuel, and be prepared for off-road driving conditions. In very remote areas, travel in convoy or with a satellite phone in case of breakdown.

On open highways, inside or outside wildlife reserves, there could be dangerous animals roaming that may behave unpredictably. Always follow park regulations and advice from park wardens.   

Do not bathe in rivers and lakes. You could be attacked by wild animals and you risk catching water-borne diseases.

Transport risks

Road travel

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Botswana. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get the 1949 version of the international driving permit (IDP) as well. 

You can drive with a UK driving licence for up to 90 days. If you intend to stay longer than 90 days, apply for a Botswana driving licence.

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as a year of driving experience, a higher minimum age and holding an IDP. 

Driving conditions

Botswana has good tarmac roads covering most of the country, but driving outside the major urban areas can be dangerous due to stray wildlife and livestock. This is a particular risk at night, so take extra care if you're driving after dark.

The standard of driving is lower than in the UK. Many drivers ignore rules of the road. Speeding and drink-driving, or driving on drugs, cause frequent and often fatal accidents.

Taxis

To reduce risk of crime when using taxis, look for licensed taxis with blue plate numbers. Cabs run by a recognised taxi company will usually have branding and can be pre-booked.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Flooding

Botswana experiences significant flooding during the rainy season from November to March. Some parts of the country become inaccessible except by 4-wheel-drive vehicles. Get local advice or hire a local driver who knows the water levels and which roads to use. 

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 997 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Botswana
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Botswana including:

• malaria, which is reported in April 2025 to have spread to areas where it is not usually present
• schistosomiasis

There are occasional outbreaks of anthrax among wild animals. Do not touch dead animals or carcases. If you suspect that you have come into contact with anthrax, seek urgent medical advice.

If you intend to camp or walk in the bush, take precautions to avoid tick bites, as they can cause several dangerous diseases.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Healthcare in Botswana

Healthcare in Botswana is good in major towns, but medical facilities and communications are limited in rural areas. For serious medical treatment, medical evacuation to the UK or South Africa may be necessary.

Private hospitals will not treat you unless you can pay, and the cost may be high. Public hospitals will only take you as an emergency patient if you have full insurance. For outpatient treatment, you will need to pay up front.

Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Botswana.

There is also guidance on healthcare if you're living in Botswana.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel.

Emergency services in Botswana

Ambulance: 997

Fire: 998

Police: 999

Contact your travel provider and insurer

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Refunds and changes to travel

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first.

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including:

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including:

• finding lawyers in Botswana
• dealing with a death in Botswana
• being arrested or imprisoned in Botswana
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow FCDO: 

• travel advice on X

• travel advice on Facebook

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Tetanus	Yes
Typhoid	Sometimes
Hepatitis A	Yes
Yellow Fever	No*
Diphtheria	Sometimes
Rabies	Sometimes
Malaria	Yes

Overview:

Botswana has a two-tier healthcare system consisting of public and private facilities. While public clinics and hospitals are available throughout the country, the standard of care can vary, especially in rural areas. Visitors are advised to seek treatment at private medical centres, which are better equipped and offer a higher standard of care, particularly in cities like Gaborone, Francistown, Maun, and Kasane.

Travel health insurance is strongly recommended and should include coverage for emergency medical evacuation, especially if you're visiting remote areas or going on safari. Private hospitals and clinics will typically require payment upfront, even for insured patients.

Pharmacies are found in all major towns and some larger villages. Many are well-stocked with both over-the-counter and prescription medications. Common medicines like pain relievers, antihistamines, and diarrhoea treatments are easy to obtain, but antibiotics and other prescription drugs may only be dispensed with a valid prescription from a registered doctor in Botswana. Also, the availability of specific international brands can be limited, so travellers who require regular medication should bring a sufficient supply, along with a copy of the prescription.

Basic first aid items and insect repellent are useful to carry, especially if you're heading into rural or wilderness areas. Malaria is present in northern areas, particularly around the Okavango Delta and Chobe, especially during the rainy season (November to April). Preventive medication and mosquito precautions—such as repellents, long sleeves, and bed nets—are recommended.

Vaccinations Note:

* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travellers over one year of age travelling from infected areas.

Food Drink:

Tap water in urban areas of Botswana is treated and considered safe to drink. In major towns and cities such as Gaborone, Francistown, and Maun, most hotels, restaurants, and lodges use municipal water that meets national standards. However, in rural or remote areas, it is advisable to drink bottled or filtered water as a precaution. Bottled water is widely available throughout the country.

Food hygiene standards are generally good, especially in established restaurants and lodges. Dairy products are safe when pasteurised, but visitors should exercise caution with unlabelled or unrefrigerated items sold in informal settings. As with travel anywhere, it's wise to choose freshly cooked food, avoid raw or undercooked meat, and wash or peel fruit and vegetables where possible.

Other Risks:

When visiting national parks or rural areas, visitors should follow all safety advice from guides, especially around elephants, hippos, and predators. Animals can and do wander into towns like Kasane and Maun, so caution is needed even outside formal reserves.

The climate can also pose a risk; extreme heat and sun exposure are common, particularly during the hotter months (September to November). Travellers should stay hydrated, wear sunscreen, and avoid strenuous activity during the midday hours. Also, seasonal flooding in the north can occasionally affect travel plans, particularly during the rainy season (November to April).

Currency Information:

The currency of Botswana is the Botswana Pula (BWP; symbol P), subdivided into 100 thebe. Banknotes are in denominations of P100, 50, 20, and 10. Coins are available in denominations of P5, 2, and 1, as well as 50, 25, 10, and 5 thebe.

Credit Cards:

Major credit cards such as Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted in Botswana, particularly in hotels, lodges, restaurants, supermarkets, and larger shops. However, smaller businesses, markets, and rural areas may operate on a cash-only basis, so it's advisable to carry some cash when travelling outside urban centres.

ATMs:

ATMs are available in most towns and cities, with good coverage in places like Gaborone, Francistown, Maun, and Kasane. International cards can be used at many ATMs to withdraw Botswana Pula, though daily withdrawal limits and bank fees may apply.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Fri 08:30-15:30; Sat 08:30-11:00.

Currency Restrictions:

There are no limits on the amount of currency you can bring into or take out of Botswana. However, if you are carrying the equivalent of 10,000 Botswana Pula or more—whether in local or foreign currency—you are legally required to declare it to customs authorities upon both arrival and departure. Failure to do so may result in fines or confiscation. The export of large amounts of Botswana Pula without authorisation is not permitted.

Currency Exchange:

Foreign currency can be exchanged at banks, authorised bureaux de change, and some hotels. US dollars, South African rand, and British pounds are the most commonly accepted currencies for exchange. Rates may vary slightly between institutions, so shopping around can be worthwhile.

Currencies

Code	Symbol
BWP	P

Exchange Rates

6.13

11.29

13.40

10.82

Language

The official language of Botswana is English. It is used in government, education, business, and legal affairs. However, Setswana (also known as Tswana) is the most widely spoken language in daily life and is understood across much of the country. Visitors will find that English is commonly spoken in towns, tourist areas, and by those working in the hospitality industry.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2025-01-01 00:00:00	0
Good Friday	2025-04-18 00:00:00	0
Easter Monday	2025-04-21 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2025-05-01 00:00:00	0
Ascension Day	2025-05-29 00:00:00	0
Sir Seretse Khama Day	2025-07-01 00:00:00	0
President's Day	2025-07-21 00:00:00	0
Botswana Day	2025-09-30 00:00:00	0
Christmas Day	2025-12-25 00:00:00	0

Overview:

Travellers entering Botswana are permitted to bring in the following goods free of customs duties and value-added tax (VAT), provided these items are for personal use, not intended for resale, and are declared upon arrival.

• Tobacco: 200 cigarettes, 20 cigars, and 250g of tobacco (18 years and older).
• Alcohol: 2L of wine and 1L of spirits (18 years and older).
• 50ml of perfume and 250ml of eau de toilette.
• New or used goods up to R500 (South African Rand) from within the SACU zone (Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini), and up to R3,000 from outside the zone.

.

Banned Imports:

Banned imports include narcotics and their derivatives, firearms and ammunition without proper permits, explosives, counterfeit currencies and securities, articles infringing upon intellectual property rights, and obscene or indecent materials such as pornographic books, magazines, films, videos, DVDs, and software.

Additionally, certain agricultural products, including specific vegetables and meats, may be seasonally restricted or require special permits. Importation of wild animals or their products (trophies or meat) is prohibited unless accompanied by an export permit issued by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks.

Mobile Telephone:

Mobile phone coverage in Botswana is generally good in cities, towns, and major tourist areas, though it can be limited or non-existent in remote regions such as the Central Kalahari or deep within national parks. Main mobile network providers are Mascom, Orange Botswana, and BTC Mobile. All offer prepaid SIM cards that are widely available at airports, shopping malls, supermarkets, and mobile shops.

To purchase a SIM card, visitors will need to present their passport for registration. Coverage and data speeds are usually reliable in populated areas, with 3G and 4G networks common in towns. Some lodges and camps in remote areas may have Wi-Fi, satellite phone services, or limited reception, but mobile signals should not be relied upon during safaris or in the wilderness.

Prepaid airtime and data bundles are easy to top up via scratch cards, mobile apps, or at retail outlets. Roaming is possible with international SIM cards, but charges can be high, so using a local SIM is often more cost-effective for extended stays.

Internet:

Wi-Fi is widely available in Botswana's urban centres and tourist hubs. Most hotels, lodges, guesthouses, and safari camps offer internet access, although the quality and speed can vary. In cities like Gaborone and Francistown, many cafés, restaurants, and shopping malls provide free or paid Wi-Fi to customers.

In more remote areas—particularly within national parks, the Okavango Delta, and other wilderness regions—Wi-Fi may be limited, slow, or entirely unavailable. Some high-end lodges offer satellite-based connections, but access is often restricted to common areas and may not support high-bandwidth activities like video streaming or large downloads.

Media:

Botswana has a relatively open and diverse media environment, particularly by regional standards. The country has both state-owned and privately owned media outlets, with radio being the most widely consumed source of information. Radio Botswana, the state broadcaster, operates alongside several independent and community radio stations offering programming in English and Setswana.

There are several newspapers and news websites in circulation, including government-run publications and privately owned outlets. English is the primary language used in print and digital media. While criticism of the government is tolerated to some extent, state media tends to reflect official positions, and journalists sometimes face pressure when covering sensitive topics.

Television access is widespread in urban areas, with the main local broadcaster being Botswana Television (BTV). Satellite and digital TV services are also available, offering international news channels and entertainment networks. For up-to-date international news, many locals and visitors rely on online platforms or mobile apps.

Internet usage continues to grow, especially in urban centres. Social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and X (formerly Twitter) are widely used for communication and news sharing. Visitors can generally access international news websites and streaming services without restriction.

Nxai Pan National Park

Part of the greater Makgadikgadi system, Nxai Pan is a strikingly flat expanse dotted with baobab trees and seasonal grasslands. The park is known for its summer game—especially zebras, which migrate here during the wet season (December to March). It's also a great spot for cheetahs and lions, with fewer visitors than other parks, giving it an off-the-beaten-track feel.

Kasane

Tucked into the far northeast corner of the country, Kasane is perfectly positioned on the edge of Chobe National Park and near the borders of Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Namibia. Elephants roam freely through town, and the Chobe River offers some of the best boat safaris in southern Africa. It's also a popular base for day trips to Victoria Falls, just across the border.

Gaborone

Botswana's capital may not have the wild allure of the north, but it offers an insight into modern Tswana life. Visitors can explore markets, museums, and monuments like the Three Dikgosi (Chiefs) Monument. The nearby Kgale Hill offers sweeping views over the city, and the Gaborone Game Reserve provides an easy dose of wildlife without leaving town.

Chobe National Park

Renowned for its massive elephant population, Chobe is Botswana's most accessible and popular national park. Game drives and boat safaris reveal not only elephants, but hippos, buffalo, lions, and abundant birdlife. The park is especially spectacular during the dry season (May to October), when animals congregate along the riverbanks in large numbers, drawn to the Chobe River as other water sources disappear.

Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park

Located in the southwest, this semi-arid wilderness straddles the border between Botswana and South Africa. It's known for its dramatic red dunes, dry riverbeds, and excellent predator sightings—especially black-maned lions. While access from the Botswana side requires serious 4x4 experience and self-sufficiency, the reward is an untamed and uncrowded experience.

Makgadikgadi Pans

Once an ancient lake, the Makgadikgadi salt pans stretch to the horizon like a shimmering white desert. In the dry season (May to October), it's a surreal landscape of cracked earth and endless sky—perfect for quad biking, meerkat encounters, and nights spent under the stars. After the rains arrive (November to April), the pans flood slightly and come alive with migratory birds, including flamingos, and the arrival of zebra and wildebeest herds.

Okavango Delta

A UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world's largest inland deltas, the Okavango is Botswana's crown jewel. It's a lush maze of lagoons, channels, and islands that support an astonishing diversity of wildlife. Safari here means gliding silently in a mokoro past herds of lechwe, or watching elephants bathe at sunset. It's a place of deep tranquillity and raw beauty.

Maun

Often referred to as the gateway to the Okavango Delta, Maun is a dusty frontier town with a laid-back vibe and an unmistakable sense of adventure in the air. While the town is modest, it's the jumping-off point for scenic flights, mokoro trips, and safaris into one of Africa's most spectacular wilderness areas. With its mix of safari outfitters, craft shops, and wildlife wandering nearby, Maun feels like a place where the wild is never far away.

Central Kalahari Game Reserve

Vast, remote, and hauntingly beautiful, the Central Kalahari Game Reserve is one of the largest protected areas in Africa. It's a place of open skies, red dunes, and fossil river valleys teeming with wildlife—including lions, oryx, giraffes, and cheetahs. This is a true wilderness, where self-sufficiency and solitude are part of the appeal. The best time to visit is during the rainy season (January to April) when the desert blooms and animals gather on the pans.

Tsodilo Hills

Dubbed the "Louvre of the Desert", this UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to over 4,000 ancient rock paintings. Sacred to the San people, the Tsodilo Hills rise dramatically from the surrounding flatlands, offering not just cultural significance, but breathtaking views and a sense of quiet reverence.

Moremi Wildlife Reserve

Tucked within the Okavango Delta, Moremi offers some of Botswana's best game viewing. It combines lush wetlands with mopane woodland, attracting an incredible variety of wildlife—from elephants and leopards to wild dogs and over 400 bird species. It's accessible by 4x4 or light aircraft, and is a popular destination for both self-drivers and luxury safari-goers. Moremi is a year-round destination, though July to October is ideal for spotting wildlife along water channels.

Khama Rhino Sanctuary

Located near Serowe in central Botswana, Khama Rhino Sanctuary is a community-run reserve established to protect the country's remaining white and black rhinos. It also hosts zebra, wildebeest, giraffe, and numerous bird species. The sanctuary is compact and easy to explore by self-drive or on guided game drives. With affordable accommodation and campsites, it's a popular stopover for travellers heading north from Gaborone.

Overview

Shopping in Botswana is a relaxed affair, with a focus on local crafts, handmade goods, and practical items. While major towns like Gaborone, Francistown, and Maun have modern shopping centres and supermarkets, the real charm lies in the country's informal markets, roadside stalls, and craft cooperatives.

For visitors looking to bring home something truly Botswanan, handwoven baskets from the north are a top choice. Made by women in villages such as Etsha and Gumare, these intricately patterned baskets are crafted from mokola palm and natural dyes, and are both beautiful and functional. Carvings, beadwork, and textiles—often inspired by San and Tswana designs—also make excellent souvenirs.

Markets can be found in most towns, selling a mix of produce, second-hand clothing, household goods, and crafts. In Gaborone, the Main Mall area and Thapong Visual Arts Centre are good places to browse local artwork. Maun also has a growing number of artisan stalls and craft shops catering to safari-goers.

Haggling is not a major part of shopping culture in Botswana, but polite negotiation is sometimes acceptable in informal markets, especially for craft items. Shoppers interested in ethical souvenirs should look for items sold through community-based projects or certified cooperatives, which help support local livelihoods and promote sustainable practices.

Opening Hours

Mon-Sat 08:00-17:00.

Overview

Food in Botswana is hearty, simple, and rooted in traditional cooking methods. Meals often revolve around maize or sorghum-based starches accompanied by stewed meat or vegetables. While Botswana doesn't have a wide international culinary scene outside major towns, visitors will find authentic local flavours and warm hospitality wherever they eat.

In cities like Gaborone and Francistown, there's a growing number of restaurants serving everything from South African-style grills to Indian and Chinese dishes. In safari towns such as Maun and Kasane, many lodges include meals as part of the package, with menus combining local ingredients and international flair.

Visitors with dietary restrictions should inform lodges or guides in advance, especially in remote areas where supplies are limited. Vegetarians may find options somewhat limited in traditional restaurants, but larger establishments and safari camps are generally accommodating.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Tipping is appreciated but not always expected in Botswana. In restaurants, a 10% tip is customary for good service, especially in urban areas and tourist lodges. Safari guides, trackers, and camp staff often rely on gratuities as part of their income. Many lodges provide tipping guidelines—typically suggesting a daily rate per guest for staff, guides, and support teams.

For taxi drivers, rounding up the fare is sufficient. In markets or informal settings, tipping is not necessary, though small gestures of appreciation are always welcomed.

Drinking Age

18.

Hotels

Botswana is known for its high-end, low-impact tourism model, which focuses on exclusive experiences and environmental sustainability, especially in areas like the Okavango Delta and Chobe National Park. Quite a few safari lodges and tented camps in national parks and wildlife reserves offer ultra-luxurious experiences with fine dining, private guides, and plunge pools, while others provide simpler, comfortable accommodations with shared facilities. Many remote camps are accessible only by light aircraft and include full board as part of a package.

In major towns such as Gaborone, Francistown, Maun, and Kasane, visitors will find a variety of hotels, guesthouses, and serviced apartments. These range from international-standard business hotels to more modest family-run establishments. Booking in advance is recommended, particularly during peak travel seasons from June to October.

Self-catering chalets and backpacker lodges are also available in popular gateway towns like Maun and Kasane, catering to more independent travellers. For those on a tight budget, campsites are widely available and often located in scenic areas, though facilities can range from basic to very well-equipped.

Camping Caravaning

Botswana has a well-established camping culture, with facilities ranging from well-equipped public campgrounds to rustic bush camps offering little more than a fire pit and a view.

Designated campsites are available in and around places like the Okavango Delta, Moremi Game Reserve, Chobe National Park, the Central Kalahari, and the Makgadikgadi Pans. Many are operated by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks or private concession holders. Facilities vary—some offer flushing toilets, hot showers, and firewood, while others are unfenced and provide only basic amenities.

Self-drive camping is a popular option, particularly for those travelling in 4x4 vehicles equipped with rooftop tents and gear. These can be hired in cities like Maun and Kasane, often as part of overland or safari packages. Advance booking is essential for campsites in high-demand areas, particularly during the dry season from June to October.

Wild camping (camping outside of designated areas) is not generally permitted, especially within national parks and protected areas, and may carry fines or safety risks due to wildlife. Visitors should always follow guidelines, keep campsites clean, and never leave food unattended.

History

Botswana's history is one of resilience, transformation, and quiet triumph. Long before European borders were drawn, the land that is now Botswana was home to various Bantu-speaking peoples, as well as the indigenous San (Bushmen), who left behind ancient rock paintings at sites like Tsodilo Hills—some dating back thousands of years.

By the 19th century, powerful Tswana kingdoms had emerged across the region. These states maintained trade routes and complex political systems, and when European colonial interests began to spread through southern Africa, local leaders worked astutely to protect their autonomy. In 1885, Botswana became the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland—not a colony, but a territory under British oversight. This arrangement was largely shaped by Khama III, one of Botswana's most influential chiefs, who personally travelled to London to negotiate with Queen Victoria's government.

When independence came peacefully in 1966, Botswana was one of the poorest countries in the world, with just a handful of paved roads and minimal infrastructure. But thanks to stable leadership, prudent governance, and the discovery of diamonds shortly after independence, the country rapidly transformed its fortunes. Under the first president, Sir Seretse Khama, Botswana laid the foundations for a democratic system that continues to this day.

Unlike many of its neighbours, Botswana has remained politically stable and free from major conflict since independence. Its democratic institutions are strong, corruption is low by regional standards, and it has often been praised as one of Africa's most successful development stories.

Today, Botswana continues to balance tradition and progress, with a deep respect for its cultural heritage and a strong commitment to conservation, education, and regional cooperation.

Did you know?

• Botswana is home to the world's largest population of elephants, with an estimated 130,000 roaming freely—many of them in and around Chobe National Park.
• The country's founding president, Sir Seretse Khama, married Ruth Williams, a white Englishwoman, in 1948—a union that defied the norms of both apartheid-era southern Africa and British colonial expectations, and inspired the film A United Kingdom.
• Botswana's national currency, the pula, means "rain" in Setswana—a reflection of how precious rainfall is in this largely arid country.

Religion

Christian (79.1%), None (15.2%), Badimo (4.1%), Other (1.4%), Unspecified (0.3%).

Social Conventions

The people of Botswana are generally warm, polite, and respectful. Greetings are important and often elaborate, especially in rural areas. A handshake is customary, and it's polite to take a moment to exchange pleasantries before getting to the point of a conversation. When greeting elders, showing deference—such as using two hands or lightly touching the elbow with the left hand—is a sign of respect.

Modesty in dress and behaviour is valued, especially in traditional or rural settings. Revealing clothing may be frowned upon outside of tourist resorts or lodges. Public displays of affection are generally discouraged. Visitors are expected to be courteous, patient, and avoid raising their voices in public.

Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory. In restaurants, a tip of around 10% is customary for good service. Hotel staff, safari guides, and drivers often rely on gratuities, and many lodges provide suggested tipping guidelines. Rounding up taxi fares or offering a small tip to helpful staff is also appreciated.

Photography is widely accepted in Botswana, particularly in tourist areas and parks. However, visitors should always ask permission before taking photos of people, especially in rural villages or traditional settings. Photography of government buildings, military installations, border posts, or airports may be restricted or frowned upon. When in doubt, it's best to ask first.

Respect for elders and traditional authority remains strong in Botswana. When visiting a village or community, it's a good idea to greet the village head or a senior figure if introduced. Gifts or offerings are not expected but are welcome if given with sincerity and appropriate to the setting.

Best Time To Visit:

Botswana has a semi-arid climate, with hot, sunny days and cooler nights for most of the year. The country experiences four main seasons, although temperatures and rainfall can vary by region.

Spring (September to November): This is one of the hottest periods of the year, with daytime temperatures often reaching 30°C to 40°C (86°F to 104°F). Rainfall begins to increase towards November, especially in the north.

Summer (December to February): The rainy season peaks during these months, bringing short, heavy showers and occasional thunderstorms, especially in the afternoon. Temperatures typically range from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F), with high humidity in some areas. The landscape becomes green and lush, and wildlife is more dispersed.

Autumn (March to May): Rainfall decreases, and temperatures start to cool. Days are still warm, averaging 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F), while evenings become more comfortable. It's a good time to travel, with fewer tourists and clear skies.

Winter (June to August): This is the dry season and the most popular time for wildlife viewing. Daytime temperatures are mild, between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F), but nights can be chilly—especially in the desert and at higher elevations, where temperatures may drop below 5°C (41°F).

Overall, Botswana receives the bulk of its rainfall between November and March, while the dry season (April to October) is cooler and better suited to game viewing due to sparse vegetation and limited water sources.

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Required Clothing

Clothing in Botswana should be lightweight, breathable, and suited to the country’s predominantly hot and dry climate. Natural fabrics such as cotton and linen are ideal, particularly during the warmer months from September to April. Neutral colours like beige, khaki, and olive are recommended for safari activities, as they blend into the environment and do not attract insects.

For the cooler winter months (June to August), it's important to pack layers. While daytime temperatures are comfortable, mornings and evenings can be cold—especially in desert areas. A warm fleece or jacket, long trousers, and a woollen hat or gloves may be needed if you're camping or going on early morning game drives.

During the rainy season (November to March), a lightweight waterproof jacket or poncho is useful, as showers can be sudden and intense. Quick-drying clothes and a pair of waterproof shoes or sandals with good grip are also advisable.

Comfortable walking shoes are essential for game walks or sightseeing, while a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen offer protection from the strong African sun.

In urban settings, casual dress is acceptable, but modesty is appreciated, especially in rural areas and religious or traditional settings.

Dialing Code:

+267

Area(sq km):

581,730

Population:

2.71 million

Population Density(per sq km):

5

Population Year:

2024

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

997